更新时间：作者：小小条
1. 社会文化类
1. controversial /ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːʃl/ adj. 有争议的
The government's new policy on education proved to be highly controversial.
【2020全国I卷阅读】The artist's work is controversial, but no one can deny his talent.
2. prevalent /ˈprevələnt/ adj. 普遍的，流行的
A positive mindset is prevalent among successful entrepreneurs.
【2018江苏卷阅读】The phenomenon is particularly prevalent in urban areas.
3. profound /prəˈfaʊnd/ adj. 深刻的，深远的
The book had a profound influence on his worldview.
【2021新高考I卷完形】Her words had a profound impact on my life.
4. comprehensive /ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv/ adj. 全面的，综合的
The school provides a comprehensive guide to university applications.
【2019全国III卷】Students are encouraged to develop a comprehensive understanding.
5. conventional /kənˈvenʃənl/ adj. 传统的，常规的
He challenged the conventional wisdom with his innovative theory.
【2022全国甲卷阅读】This approach breaks away from conventional methods.
2. 个人品格与态度类
1. persistent /pəˈsɪstənt/ adj. 坚持不懈的
Her persistent efforts finally led to a breakthrough.
【2017全国I卷完形】Success belongs to the most persistent.
2. determined /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/ adj. 坚决的，下定决心的
She was determined to finish the marathon despite the injury.
【真题高频词】常见于人物描写，体现坚定意志。
3. conscientious /ˌkɒnʃiˈenʃəs/ adj. 认真的，尽责的
A conscientious student always completes assignments with great care.【2016浙江卷阅读】Employers value conscientious workers.
4. adaptable /əˈdæptəbl/ adj. 适应能力强的
In a rapidly changing world, being adaptable is a key skill.
【2021北京卷阅读】The species is highly adaptable to various environments.
5. resilient /rɪˈzɪliənt/ adj. 有韧性的，能复原的
Children are often more resilient than adults think.
【心理、社会话题高频词】
3. 事物特征类（积极）
1. indispensable /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl/ adj. 不可或缺的
Water is indispensable to all forms of life.
【2015福建卷】Practice is indispensable to skill mastery.
2. versatile /ˈvɜːsətaɪl/ adj. 多才多艺的；多功能的
This is a versatile kitchen tool that can chop, slice, and grind.
【2020天津卷阅读】He is a versatile athlete who excels in multiple sports.
3. remarkable /rɪˈmɑːkəbl/ adj. 非凡的，显著的
The team made remarkable progress in a short time.
【高考高频通用词】常用于描述成就或变化。
4. straightforward /ˌstreɪtˈfɔːwəd/ adj. 简单的，坦率的
The instructions are straightforward and easy to follow.
【2018全国II卷】He gave a straightforward answer to the question.
5. conspicuous /kənˈspɪkjuəs/ adj. 明显的，显眼的
There was a conspicuous lack of enthusiasm in the room.
【完形填空高频选项】常与“absence”, “change”等搭配。
4. 事物特征类（消极/中性）
1. inevitable /ɪnˈevɪtəbl/ adj. 不可避免的
With climate change, more extreme weather events are inevitable.
【2022新高考I卷阅读】Conflict between generations is not inevitable.
2. potential /pəˈtenʃl/ adj. 潜在的，可能的 n. 潜力
We need to identify and address potential risks early.
【最高频词汇之一】几乎每年各题型均出现。
3. ambiguous /æmˈbɪɡjuəs/ adj. 模棱两可的，不明确的
His ambiguous reply left us confused about his real intention.
【阅读理解推断题关键词】描述作者态度或文本含义。
4. arduous /ˈɑːdʒuəs/ adj. 艰巨的，艰苦的
They began the arduous task of rebuilding the city.
【2014全国大纲卷】The climb was long and arduous.
5. tedious /ˈtiːdiəs/ adj. 冗长乏味的
Data entry can be a tedious job.
【描述学*、工作过程常用词】
5. 逻辑与状态类
1. specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ adj. 具体的，明确的
Please give specific examples to support your argument.
【写作提分关键】与“general”相对，使论述更扎实。
2. precise /prɪˈsaɪs/ adj. 精确的，准确的
Scientists need precise measurements for the experiment.
【科技、说明文高频词】
3. relevant /ˈreləvənt/ adj. 相关的，切题的
Please submit all relevant documents with your application.
【写作与阅读核心词】反义词为 irrelevant。
4. adequate /ˈædɪkwət/ adj. 足够的，适当的
The room does not have adequate ventilation.
【完形常见选项】表示数量或质量上“刚好够”。
5. initial /ɪˈnɪʃl/ adj. 最初的，开始的
My initial reaction was one of surprise.
【过程描述必用词】如 initial stage/plan/success。
6. 情感与感知类
1. grateful /ˈɡreɪtfl/ adj. 感激的
I am deeply grateful for your timely help.
【书面表达感谢信必备词】
2. enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/ adj. 热情的，热心的
The coach was enthusiastic about the team's chances.
【描述人物态度高频词】
3. optimistic /ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/ adj. 乐观的
She remains optimistic about the future.
【与 pessimistic (悲观的) 常对比出现】
4. sensible /ˈsensəbl/ adj. 明智的，理智的
Wearing a helmet while cycling is a sensible precaution.
【区别于 sensitive (敏感的)】
5. confident /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ adj. 自信的
He spoke in a confident manner during the presentation.
【个人品质描述最核心词之一】
7. 程度与评价类
1. significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ adj. 重要的，显著的
The study shows a significant increase in average temperatures.
【学术及正式场合最高频词】可替换 important。
2. sufficient /səˈfɪʃnt/ adj. 足够的，充分的
Do we have sufficient food for ten people?
【逻辑论证常用】比 enough 更正式。
3. appropriate /əˈprəʊpriət/ adj. 合适的，恰当的
Please choose language appropriate for a formal setting.
【应用文写作（建议信、申请信）必备】
4. essential /ɪˈsenʃl/ adj. 必不可少的，本质的
Effective communication is essential for good teamwork.
【表“极端重要”的强义词】语气强于 important。
5. typical /ˈtɪpɪkl/ adj. 典型的，有代表性的
This is a typical example of Gothic architecture.
【举例论证常用词】
1. 【2023新高考I卷，读后续写】 原文出现“resilient spirit”描述人物。
考点：高级形容词刻画人物内在品质，为续写定下基调。
2. 【2022全国乙卷，完形填空第52题】
The findings, though ___, are important for future research.
> A. controversial B. preliminary C. unnecessary D. consistent
> 答案：B (preliminary 初步的)。但 controversial (A) 是典型干扰项，考察对语境的判断。
3. 【2021新高考I卷，阅读理解C篇】
The profound connection between humans and nature is the theme.
> 考点：profound 准确概括了文章主旨，是理解关键。
4. 【2020全国III卷，语法填空】 在篇章中理解。
This makes your argument more convincing and your thinking more ___. (coherent/有条理的)
> 考点：在语境中考察与“convincing”并列的积极品质形容词。
5. 【2019全国I卷，书面表达（建议信）】
范文例句：It would be highly appropriate to introduce more cultural activities.
> 考点：appropriate 是书面建议中最得体、最常用的形容词之一。
6. 【2018北京卷，完形填空】
She wasn't just smart; she was extraordinarily ___. (persistent/versatile)
> 考点：通过上下文（not just… but…）判断描述人物品格的高级形容词。
7. 【2017浙江卷，阅读理解】
The author's attitude towards the policy is ___. A. ambiguous B. supportive C. critical
> 考点：ambiguous 常作为正确选项或干扰项，考查对作者态度的推断。
8. 【2016全国I卷，短文改错】
I was very grateful that you offered me the needed help when I was in trouble.
> 答案：√ (此句正确，展示了 grateful 的典型用法)。
> 考点：情感描写形容词在语境中的正确使用。
9. 【2015广东卷，基础写作】
题目要求描述一项活动的“significant meaning”。
> 考点：在概要写作中直接要求使用高级词汇进行总结评价。
10. 【2014大纲卷，完形填空】
The task was far more ___ than they had imagined. (A. specific B. arduous C. mysterious)
> 答案：B (arduous)。specific (A) 是常见干扰项。
> 考点：根据后文描述（long, difficult climb）选择最精准的形容词。
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