更新时间:作者:小小条
动名词(Gerund)由动词原形加 -ing 构成,具有名词和动词的双重特性。在高中英语中,掌握其六大功能对阅读理解、语法填空和写作至关重要。
1. 作主语
表示经常性、一般性或抽象的概念。

Learning a foreign language opens up a whole new world of cultural understanding.(学*一门外语开启了一个文化理解的全新世界。)
Breathing deeply helps to calm your nerves before an important speech.(在重要演讲前深呼吸有助于平复紧张情绪。)
2. 作动词宾语
位于及物动词之后,充当动作的承受者。
I really enjoy listening to classical music while studying.(我真的很喜欢学*时听古典音乐。)
You should consider taking part in the science competition.(你应该考虑参加这次科学竞赛。)
常接动名词作宾语的动词:avoid,consider, enjoy, finish, mind, practice, suggest, admit, delay, imagine等。
3. 作介词宾语
位于介词之后,构成介词短语。
She is good at solving complex math problems.(她擅长解决复杂的数学问题。)
He left without saying goodbye to anyone.(他没有和任何人道别就离开了。)
4. 作表语
位于系动词(如be, seem, become)之后,说明主语的性质或内容。
His favorite hobby is collecting stamps from different countries.(他最大的爱好是收集各国邮票。)
The most challenging task was persuading everyone to agree on a plan.(最具有挑战性的任务是说服每个人都同意一个计划。)
5. 作定语
直接放在名词前,修饰名词,说明其用途。
We need to buy a new washing machine.(我们需要买一台新的洗衣机。)
Please bring your swimming suit to the pool party.(请带你的泳衣来泳池派对。)
6. 作宾语补足语
补充说明宾语的动作或状态,常见于“动词+宾语+宾补”结构。
I noticed him cheating on the test and reported it to the teacher.(我注意到他考试作弊,并向老师报告了。)
We could hear the rain gently falling on the roof.(我们能听到雨轻轻落在屋顶上的声音。)
复合结构:动名词前可加所有格(如his, my)或宾格(如him, me)作逻辑主语。
His coming late made the teacher angry.(他的迟到让老师生气了。)(正式)
Do you mind me opening the window?(你介意我开窗吗?)(口语)
1. _____ to college is the most important goal for many high school students.
A. Going
B. To go
C. Gone
D. Go
答案:A
解析: 此处需要作主语的成分。“上大学”是一个一般性、抽象的目标,用动名词Going作主语最合适。不定式To go作主语多表示具体某次动作。
2. I really appreciate _____ me with my project last week.
A. you to help
B. your helping
C. you help
D. that you helped
答案:B
解析: appreciate后接动名词作宾语。当动名词的动作执行者需要明确指出时,用所有格your作其逻辑主语,构成复合结构your helping。
3. She is looking forward to _____ from her pen pal in Canada.
A. hear
B. hearing
C. be heard
D. have heard
答案:B
解析: look forward to中的to是介词,后接名词或动名词作宾语,所以选hearing。这是常考的“介词to + doing”结构。
4. His job is _____ the environment in the forest.
A. to protect
B. protect
C. protecting
D. protected
答案:C
解析: 在系动词is后作表语,说明job的具体内容,用动名词protecting。不定式to protect也可作表语,但更强调目的或将来,这里用动名词更自然。
5. We bought a new _____ for the living room.
A. to read lamp
B. reading lamp
C. lamp for reading
D. lamp to read
答案:B
解析: 这里需要修饰lamp的定语,表示“用于阅读的灯”。动名词reading作定语可直接置于名词前,表示用途,所以reading lamp(台灯)正确。
6. I saw the little boy _____ across the street safely.
A. to run
B. ran
C. running
D. run
答案:C
解析: 感官动词saw后可接“宾语+ doing”作宾补,强调动作正在进行。这里用running作宾语the little boy的补足语,表示“看见他正在跑”。
7. It's no use _____ over the split milk. We should focus on the next step.
A. cry
B. to cry
C. crying
D. cried
答案:C
解析: It's no use/good doing...是固定句型,意为“做……没有用”,it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动名词短语crying over...。
8. The students are busy _____ for the final exams.
A. to prepare
B. preparing
C. prepare
D. prepared
答案:B
解析: be busy (in) doing sth.是固定搭配,意为“忙于做某事”,其中介词in可省略。因此直接接动名词preparing。
9. _____ enough exercise is essential for keeping healthy.
A. To take
B. Taking
C. Take
D. Taken
答案:B
解析: 句首需要主语,表示“进行足够锻炼”这个一般性概念,用动名词Taking作主语。
10. He admitted _____ the window, but promised to pay for it.
A. to break
B. breaking
C. break
D. broken
答案:B
解析: 动词admit(承认)后必须接动名词作宾语,表示承认做过的某事,所以选breaking。admit to do是错误搭配。
1. 重点记忆:务必背熟后接动名词作宾语的常见动词(如enjoy, practice, suggest等)和固定搭配(如look forward to, be busy in)。
2. 解题关键:在做题时,首先分析句子成分(缺主语、宾语还是表语?),再判断动词后是接to do还是doing。
3. 写作提升:在书面表达中,适当使用动名词作主语(如Reading widely broadens our minds.)能使句式更丰富,表达更地道。
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