更新时间:作者:小小条
宾语从句是中考英语语法的核心考点,也是学生的高频易错点。以下结合人教版教材知识点和中考考纲,拆解3类典型易错题,附错因分析、正确解法和中考真题链接。

易错点1:引导词混用(that/if/whether/特殊疑问词)
典型错题
(×) I don't know that he will come to the party tomorrow.
(√) I don't know if/whether he will come to the party tomorrow.
错因分析
1. 学生混淆了 that 和 if/whether 的用法:
○ that引导陈述句作宾语从句,无实际意义,只起连接作用,口语中可省略;
○ if/whether引导一般疑问句作宾语从句,译为“是否”,不可省略。
2. 本句主句为否定疑问句(don't know),从句是不确定的“是否来”,需用if/whether,而非that。
延伸易错场景
• 当宾语从句后有 or not 时,只能用whether,不能用if:
(×) She asked me if I liked math or not.
(√) She asked me whether I liked math or not.
• 当宾语从句作介词宾语时,只能用whether:
(×) It depends on if we have enough time.
(√) It depends on whether we have enough time.
中考真题链接
(2024·山东济南)—Could you tell me ______ we can get to the museum?
—Take the No. 12 bus.
A. how B. that C. if
答案:A
解析:答语是交通方式,从句是特殊疑问句,需用how引导。
易错点2:语序错误(疑问句变陈述句语序)
典型错题
(×) He asked me where did I go yesterday.
(√) He asked me where I went yesterday.
错因分析
这是宾语从句最核心的易错点:无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须用 陈述句语序(主语+谓语+其他),而非疑问句的“疑问词+助动词+主语+谓语”结构。
• 原疑问句:Where did you go yesterday?(疑问词+助动词+主语+谓语)
• 变为宾语从句:where + 主语(I) + 谓语(went) + 其他(yesterday)
延伸易错场景
• 含be动词的疑问句变宾语从句:
(×) Do you know who is he?
(√) Do you know who he is?
• 含情态动词的疑问句变宾语从句:
(×) I wonder what can I do for you.
(√) I wonder what I can do for you.
中考真题链接
(2024·广东广州)—Do you know ______?
—Yes. He lives in Shanghai.
A. where does Mr. Green live
B. where Mr. Green lives
C. where Mr. Green live
答案:B
解析:宾语从句用陈述句语序,排除A;主语Mr. Green是第三人称单数,谓语用lives。
易错点3:时态不一致(主从句时态呼应)
典型错题
(×) My teacher told me that the earth is round. → (注:此句其实是对的,学生易误改为was)
(×) She says that she will go to Beijing last week.
(√) She says that she went to Beijing last week.
错因分析
宾语从句时态需与主句呼应,但有特殊规则,学生易混淆两种情况:
1. 主句为过去时,从句用相应的过去时态
主句是一般过去时(told/said/asked等),从句需用过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等,呼应主句时间。
例:He said he was watching TV at 8 last night.(过去进行时)
2. 客观真理/事实,从句用一般现在时
即使主句是过去时,从句描述客观真理(如地球是圆的、太阳东升西落),仍用一般现在时。
这是学生最易改错的点,如上面的“地球是圆的”,从句不能改为was。
3. 主句为现在时,从句时态不受限
主句是一般现在时(say/know/wonder等),从句根据实际时间用对应的时态。
错题中“last week”是过去时间,从句需用一般过去时went,而非将来时will go。
中考真题链接
(2024·江苏南京)Our teacher told us that light ______ faster than sound.
A. travels B. traveled C. travel
答案:A
解析:“光比声音传播快”是客观真理,从句用一般现在时,light是不可数名词,谓语用travels。
总结:宾语从句解题3步走
1. 选引导词:陈述句用that,一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词。
2. 变语序:一律改为“主语+谓语”的陈述句语序。
3. 定时态:主过从过,客观真理用现,主现从不限。
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