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高考英语语法With的复合结构学*精析
With复合结构,是由with+宾语+宾补组成，在句中常做状语，如伴随、时间、原因、方式状语等。
典型例题
The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
答案D. with +名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。
由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.
第一类.with +名词/代词+现在分词(doing)
The teacher came in with some of his students following him .
老师走了近来,后面跟着几个他的学生.
With the boy leading him the way , the old man had no trouble finding his old friend’s house .由于有小男孩给他引路,这位老人毫不费力地找到了他老朋友的家.
用with翻译句子或填空．
1.He lied on the chair , with a newspaper ________ (cover) his face.
答案. covering
2.He was taken to hospital, ____________________ ( 腿在流血bleed).
答案. with his leg bleeding
3.I told her the bad news, ______________ (心跳动beat地厉害).
答案.with her heart beating fast
第二类：with +名词/代词+过去分词(done)
过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。
With my homework finished(=After I finished my homework)，I went fishing with my father.
1)I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.
我在房间坐了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花（伴）
2) She had to walk home with her bike stolen.
自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。（原）
3)He had to walk to the school with his bike broken .
自行车坏了,他不得不步行上学.
例题
The fellow stood there, _____________________ (双手交叉cross在背后)
答案with his hands crossed behind her back
第三类：with +名词/代词+不定式(to do)
此时，不定式表示将发生的动作。
With the boy to lead the way，we will find the house easily tomorrow.
1) With no oneto talk to, John felt upset.
由于没人可以说话的人，约翰感到很焦虑。
2) With a lot of work to do, he wasn't allowed to go out.
因为还有很多工作要做，他没有被允许外出。
3) He was left alone , with no oneto look after him .
他被单独留下,无人照顾.
典型例题：
1)With a lot of difficult problems ________,the newly-elected president is having a hard time．
A.settled B.settlingC.to settle D.being settled
答案C
这是一个with复合结构.动词不定式to settle做定语表示现在或将来要解决的难题；
过去分词settled作定语表示已经解决的难题；现在分词的被动式being settled作定语表示正在被解决的难题.
所提供的语境the newly-elected president is having a hard time说明新任总统现在和将来都有难以解决的问题,
所以要用to settle作定语.这句话的意思是“有很多难题要解决,新任总统的日子不好过.”
2). ________two exams to worry about , I have to work really hard this weekend.
A. Besides B. With C. As for D. Because of
[解析] 答案 B。这道题也是考查介词with复合结构用法的。从句子的结构看这里必须要填一个介词，而不能填连词，“as for” 意思是“至于、关于”；because of意思是“由于、因为”，其后不能跟复合结构，所以不能选择C和D。在所给的选项中只有with才符合构成“ with + n / pron + to do ”结构。句意是：由于担心这两门考试，本周末我得真的用功了
3)______so much homework to do , I won't have time to go to see the film tonight.
A. With B. To C. For D. In
[解析] 答案A。这里用介词 with的复合结构作状语表示原因，而to、for、in则没有这种复合结构用法，故排除B、C、D，答案是B。句意是：由于有许多家庭作业要去做，今晚我没有时间去看电影了。
第四类.with+名词(或代词)+介词短语
Do you know the woman with a baby in her arms(=who has a baby in her arms)?
1) With the children at school, we can't take our vacation when we want to.
由于孩子们在上学，所以当我们想度假时
而不能去度假。（原）
2) The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.
士兵让他背朝着他的父亲站在那儿。（方）
介词with复合结构相关的高考试题：
3). _________ production up by 60 % , the company has had another excellent year.
A. As B. For C. With D. Through
[解析] 答案 C。本题考查介词with的复合结构“with + n / pron + prep. phrase(介词短语)”的用法。“as”作为连词，意为“因为、由于”，其后必须跟从句；作为介词，意为“作为”，从语法和句意方面都不能用。而for和through在这里从语法和句意方面也不能用。在这里应用with，意思是“因为、由于”。 句意是：由于生产（产品）上升了60% ，这家公司又有了一个辉煌年。
第五类.with+名词(或代词)+形容词
强调名词的特性或状态
She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.
1) I like to sleep with the windows open.我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉。
2) Don’t talk with your mouth full. 嘴里有食物时不要讲话。
第六类with +名词/代词+副词
I’m used to working with the radio on .我*惯开着收音机工作.
I stood there with my dog behind . 我站在那儿,我的狗在我后面.
第七类with+名词(或代词)+名词
In the centre of London there is a tall
white building with the name “Bush House”.
1) They lived in Beijing with their son a soldier.
他们住在北京，他们的儿子是个士兵。
2) He died with his daughter yet a school-girl.
他去逝时，女儿还是个小学生。
3) He lived a rich life, with his old father a beggar .
他过着富足的生活，而他的老父亲却沿街乞讨。
总结语法功能
with复合结构在句子中作状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。
1）We sat on the dry grass with our backs to the wall.（作伴随状语）
2）She could not leave with her painful duty unfulfilled.（作原因状语）
3）He lay in bed with his head covered.（作方式状语）
4）Jack soon fell asleep with the light still burning.（作伴随状语）
5）I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.（作原因状语）
6）He sat with his arms clasped around his knees.（作方式状语）
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