更新时间：作者：小小条
非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。（分词此处不讲解）
一、动词不定式
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。
1.动词不定式的构成
动词不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，在某些情况下可以不带to。
2.动词不定式的用法
（1）不定式结构作宾语
A.动词+带to的不定式结构。 这类动词常见的有：agree, choose，expect，manage，wish，like，hate，prefer，continue，try，start，forget，afford, decide, fail, hope, learn, offer, prepare, plan, promise, refuse, want等。如：I decide to learn English by myself.
B.动词+疑问词+带to的不定式结构。这类动词常见的有：tell，advise，show，teach，find out，decide，discuss，learn，forget，know，explain，remember，see，wonder等。疑问词常见的有：what，where，who(m)，when，how，whether，which等。如：We must find out what to do next.
（2）不定式结构作目的状语
不定式作目的状语时，可以放在句末，也可以放在句首。如：He went to the library to borrow books yesterday./To borrow books, he went to the library yesterday.
（3）不定式结构作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语，是对宾语的补充说明。常见的动词有allow，choose，want，tell，ask，invite，help等。如：It allows people to get closer to pandas.
（4）不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，常用it代替它作形式主语，而将真正的主语---动词不定式后置。常用句型：It’s +形容词/名词+of（for)sb.to do sth.，该句型中用of还是for，取决于形容词。如果是指人的品质方面的形容词（
careful/careless/kind/nice/polite/stupid/brave...）就用of，否则用for。如：It’s important for students to learn English well./It’s nice of you to help me clean the classroom.
（5）不定式作定语
不定式作定语放在被修饰的名词或代词后。如：The best time to visit New England is in September.
不定式作定语和被修饰词之间有以下几种关系：表将来的动作；有动宾关系，如果是不及物动词，需要加上介词。如：The next train to arrive is from Shanghai./Would you like to give me some paper to write on?
3.动词不定式的否定结构
不定式的否定结构为：not to+动词原形。如：She told us not to swim in the river.
4.不带to的动词不定式
在某些动词后面，作宾语补足语的不定式不带to。常见的动词有：see, hear, watch, notice, make, let，have等。help后面的不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。如：I notice the boy enter the classroom.
5.不定式的疑问结构
不定式的疑问结构由特殊疑问词what,when,how,where,which加带to的不定式构成。常见的动词有：tell，advise，show，teach，find out，decide，discuss，learn，forget，know，explain，remember，see，wonder等。如：Please tell me how to answer this question.
二、动名词
动名词与现在分词同形，由“动词+-ing”构成。动名词具有名词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。常见的接动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语有：enjoy，avoid，finish，imagine，keep，mind, practise，suggest，give up，be busy，have fun，be afraid of，be good at，be interested in，look forward to等。如：Eating too much meat is bad for our health./She enjoys playing football.
注意：某些动词后面既可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，且意思上没什么差别。常见的动词有：like, love, hate, begin, start等。如：Do you like reading/to read magazines?
某些动词后面既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义有别。常见的动词有：remember, forget, stop, try等。
1.remember to do sth.记得要做某事；remember doing sth.记得做过某事
2.try to do sth.设法做某事；try doing sth.尝试做某事
3.forget to do sth.忘记去做某事；forget doing sth.忘记做过某事
4.stop to do sth.停下来去做别的事；stop doing sth.停止正在做的事
三、练*
（一）根据句意，用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Earthquakes always happen suddenly，so it’s difficult_____ (warn) people about them.
2.Tony has promised (come) to China and visit us next year.
3.Since1981，the Chinese government has been working with WWF _____(save) the world’s most famous bears and their home.
4.Amy practices_____(play) the piano for over two hours every day.
5.We've worked for a long time，let's stop_____(have) a rest.
6.Children had fun_____ (play) in Disneyland on Children's Day.
7.Could you tell me how_____ (succeed) in making a speech in front of people?
8.It’s sad_____(think)of pandas and other animals in danger.
9.I suddenly remembered_____(read)this book three weeks ago.
10.She helped_____(make)Beijing Olympics a victory for world sport.
（二）句子翻译。
1.她昨天邀请我们去参观长城。
2.这个男孩答应下次不会迟到。
3.待在家里比去体育馆容易多了。
4.你真善良，帮助我找到了丢失的狗。
5.她正在教我们怎样解决这个问题。
6.老师不允许我们触摸这台机器。
7.当你离开房间时，不要忘记关灯。
8.我听见有人正在隔壁唱歌。
9.很多野生动物没有一个安全的地方住。
10.让我查询一下我们还能做什么来拯救尽可能多的动物。
*练*参考答案
（一）1.to warn 2.to come 3.to save 4.playing 5.to have 6.playing 7.to succeed 8.to think 9. reading 10.to make/make
（二）1.She invited us to visit the Great Wall yesterday。
2.The boy promised not to be late next time.
3.Staying at home is much easier than going to the stadium.
4.It’s kind of you to help me find the lost dog.
5.She is teaching us how to solve this problem.
6.Our teacher doesn’t allow us to touch this machine.
7.Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave the room.
8.I hear someone/somebody singing in the next room.
9.Many wild animals don’t have a safe place to live in.
10.Let’s find out what else we can do to save as many animals as possible.
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