美国留学

动词­ing形式的要点

1．­ing的形式

2.­ing形式的基本用法

(1)作主语：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

(2)作表语：Her job is washing and cooking.

(3)作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语。She likes drawing very much.

②作某些短语动词的宾语。Mary is thinking of going back to New York.

③ do＋限定词(my, some, any, the等)＋v.­ing，表示“做……事”之意，如：

do some cleaning打扫卫生 do some shopping购物

④作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics.

⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语：This book is well worth reading.

(4)作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old.

(5)作宾语补足语：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.

可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。

(6)作状语：①时间状语：Seeing Tom, I couldn't help thinking of his brother.

分词在句中作时间状语时，其前一般可加when或while，

如：When crossing street, you must be careful.

②原因状语：Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.

③方式或伴随状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.

3. 主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。主动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语，并且是它所表示的动作的执行者，如：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.
4. 被动语态-ing一般式的基本用法。被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作，而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作定

语或状语用。如：The truck being repaired there is ours.
5. 被动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，在句中一般作状语用。

如：Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.
6. -ing形式的复合结构。在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，

如：Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health.

7. -ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别。一般说来，表示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用-ing形式。表示一个具体某一次的动作时，多用动词不定式，

如：Our job is making steel. She likes playing the piano, but she doesn’t want to play it today.
8. -ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别。-ing形式作定语用时，其动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生，而动词不定式作定语时，其动作一般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后。

如：The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well./I have three letters to write.
9. -ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别。（1）不定式作宾补时，其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，如：I have told them to come again tomorrow.（2）在see, watch, hear, feel等之后，如果用-ing形式作宾补，表示其动作正在进行中，而用不带to的不定式作宾补时，不定式所表示的动作是一个动作的过程，如：I hear her singing in the room.我听见她正在屋里唱歌。 I hear her sing in the room.我听见她在屋里唱过歌。
10. -ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别。-ing形式在句作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况，而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时，一般是作目的或结果状语，

如：Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again./ I looked into the window to see what was going on inside.

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