更新时间:作者:小小条
“后接动词原形是不定式,后接名词/动名是介词”——掌握这一核心原则,90%的混淆迎刃而解。
你是否曾被"I look forward to see you"和"I want to see you"中两个"to"的区别困扰?英语中最小的词汇"to",却因介词属性和不定式符号属性的切换成为高频语法陷阱。本文用三步分析法+真实例句,彻底厘清本质差异。

to的两种身份本质对立:
属性 | 不定式符号 (Infinitive Marker) | 介词 (Preposition) |
后接成分 | 动词原形 (do, see, go) | 名词/代词/动名词 (n./pron./doing) |
核心功能 | 表示未发生的动作 | 表示方向/对象/*惯等关系 |
结构特征 | 可拆分 (to always try) | 不可拆分 |
经典误用案例:
❌ I'm addicted to smoke. (介词后误用动词原形)✅ I'm addicted to smoking. (正确接动名词表*惯)❌ She confessed to steal the documents.✅ She confessed to stealing the documents.混淆根源:某些动词短语同时存在两种"to",例如:
used to do sth(过去常做)→ 不定式be used to doing sth(*惯于)→ 介词介词to的黄金词库(后必须接名词/动名词):
adjust to(适应) object to(反对) confess to(承认) be committed to(致力于) look forward to(期待) devote to(奉献给)
典型例句:
After moving to Tokyo, she adjusted to speaking Japanese daily. (√ 介词+动名词)
Scientists devote their lives to researching cancer cures. (√ 介词+动名词)
结构 | 词性 | 含义 | 例句 |
used to | 不定式符号 | 过去*惯 | I used to smoke, but quit last year. |
be used to | 介词 | 现在*惯 | I am used to waking up early. |
某些"介词+动名词"可替换为"不定式",但含义变化:
I prefer swimming in the ocean. (介词:享受游泳活动本身)I prefer to swim in the morning. (不定式:倾向选择早晨时段)使役动词(let/make/have)和感官动词(see/hear)后省略to:
I saw him leave the office. (√ 感官动词后无to)
Let her try again. (√ 使役动词后无to)
应用示例:
I want to eat sushi. → 后接动词原形"eat" → 不定式I look forward to eating sushi. → 后接动名词"eating" → 介词❌ I'm looking forward to see you.
✅ I'm looking forward to seeing you.
❌ He wants to eating pizza.
✅ He wants to eat pizza.
❌ She is used to drive in the rain. (混淆used to/be used to)
✅ She is used to driving in the rain. (√ 介词表*惯)
判断以下句子中to的词性(介词/不定式):
He agreed to help with the project.We are committed to reducing pollution.It's important to practice daily.She confessed to stealing the documents.答案与解析:
不定式(后接动词原形help,表同意内容)介词(固定搭配be committed to + 动名词)不定式(形式主语结构,真正主语是to practice)介词(confess to为固定搭配,后接动名词)语言是逻辑的镜像:当规则内化,"to seeing"与"to see"的差异将如昼夜般分明。
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