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高考英语说明文类完形填空的命题特点及备考策略

说明文类完形填空题常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明，文章可以是用来说明某一个存在的社会现象、一个产品的制作过程、一种产品的使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题。说明文所呈现的方式较为单一，作者往往一开始就交代说明的对象，然后再从不同的角度进行说明。由于以上特点，这类文章的每一段通常就是其中的一个角度或侧面，所以要注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意，尤其是文章每一段的开头或结尾，作者往往对说明的话题进行概括说明。

Step II 2012·年全国新课标卷的完形填空试题（说明文）

Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks __36__ than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more __37__ than we realize. In fact, non－verbal communication (非言语交际) takes up about 50% of what we really __38__.And body language is particularly __39__ when we attempt to communicate across cultures (文化)．Indeed, what is called body language is so __40__ a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed.

And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.__41__， different societies treat the __42__ between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having __43__ contact (接触) even with friends, and certainly not with __44__.People from Latin American countries, __45__， touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it's possible that in __46__， it may look like a Latino is __47__ a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving __48__.The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep __49__ — which the Latino will in return regard as __50__.

Clearly, a great deal is going on when people __51__.And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from __52__ cultures, there's a strong possibility of __53__.But whatever the situation, the best __54__ is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be __55__.

36. A. straighter B. louder C. harder D. further

37. A. sands B. invitations C. feelings D. messages

38. A. hope B. receive C. discover D. mean

39. A. immediate B. misleading C. important D. difficult

40. A. wep B. far C. much D. long

41. A. For example B.Thus C.However D. In short

42. A. trade B.distance C. connections D. greetings

43. A. eye B. verbal C. bodily D. telephone

44. A. strangers B. Relatives C. neighbours D. Enemies

45. A. in other words B. on the other hand C. in a similar way D. by all means

46. A. trouble B. conversation C. silence D. experiment

47. A. disturbing B. Helping C. guiding D. following

48. A. closer B. faster C. in D. away

49. A. stepping forward B. going on C. backing away D. coming out

50. A. weakness B. carelessness C. friendliness D. coldness

51. A. talk B. travel C. laugh D. think

52. A. different B. European C. Latino D. rich

53. A. curiosity B. excitement C. misunderstanding D.nervousness

54. A. chance B. time C. result D. advice

55. A. noticed B. treated C. respected D. pleased

36-40 BDDCC 41-45ABCAB 46-50BDACD 51-55.AACDB

解答说明文类完形填空的应试策略

1．利用说明文的首句查找说明主体

说明文一般开头点题，即作者往往在首句直接提出说明对象。这篇文章的首句为： Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all！故文章说明的主体就是“body language”。

2．把握说明文的两种结构模式

(1)总分式。包括“总—分、分—总、总—分—总”等具体形式。

本篇文章采用“总—分—总”模式，即先说明“body language”的重要性，然后用跨文化交流的一个例子来说明，即“Northern Europeans”和“People from Latin American countries”在交流中的“body language”，最后作总结。

(2)递进式。事理说明文多用递进式结构，一层一层地剖析事理。具体包括：

空间顺序——从上到下、从外到内、从左到右、从南到北、从远到近、从中间到四周、从整体到部分；

时间顺序——按照时间先后顺序来安排，事物都有发生、发展、消亡的过程；

逻辑顺序——有些说明文主要是剖析事理的，在说明时就按照事理的逻辑关系进行安排，或者从主到次、从浅到深、从原因到结果，具有严密的条理性。

解答说明文类完形填空的3个解题步骤

第一步：通过短文首尾句抓主旨

说明文的篇首会出现话题中心，通过首段可把握文章的主题；而尾句往往是文章的结论或点睛之笔。利用开篇启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句可以概括出本篇文章的大意：身势语在交际中的重要性，并举了一些相关的例子。

第二步：填空时关注段落或意群间的内在联系

文章第一段可以分为三个意群。

第一个意群为前两句，提出“body language”的重要性超过了语言，故__36__题自然成为louder；

第二个意群第3、4句，从专家的角度列举论据；

第三个意群为5～13句，其中心内容为：Indeed, what is called body language is so __40__ a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.；然后以8～13句的具体事例说明中心内容。

在第一段说明“body language”在交际中的重要作用的基础上，第二段提出了解决“misunderstanding”的方法，即第三段的最后一句：treat others as you would like to be __55__。

第三步：重览短文，查缺补漏

通读文章，检查思路是否顺畅及有无逻辑关系错误，同时填补遗留的空缺。

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