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高考英语阅读理解中，事实细节题是占比最高、难度中等的基础题型，核心考查考生对文章中具体信息的抓取、理解与匹配能力，是得分的关键题型之一。
一、题型特点（Characteristics）
1. 针对性强：题目均围绕文章中的具体细节展开，如时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数据、方式等，答案多能在原文中直接或间接找到依据，不考查主观推理或深层主旨。
2. 信息具象：选项多为原文信息的同义改写、句式转换或细节拼接，正确答案与原文细节高度契合，错误选项常存在偷换概念、扩大范围、颠倒因果、无中生有等陷阱。
3. 分布广泛：此类题目可遍布全文各段落，常与记叙文的情节、说明文的说明要点、议论文的论据等紧密结合，需考生逐句定位查找。
二、设问方式（Question Patterns）
1. What can we learn about... from the passage?
2.According to the passage, who /what/ when / where/ why / how...?
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE /FALSE about...?
4. Which of the following is (not) mentioned in Paragraph X?
5.How did the author/sb. do... according to the text?
6. What details are provided about... in the passage?
7. Which of the following is NOT included in the passage?
8. What can be found directly in the passage?
9.What is the.correct order of the events descripted in the passage?
10.All of the following statements are true except....
三、解题技巧（Solving Skills）
1. 题干定位法（优先使用）：通读题干，圈出题干中的关键词（如人名、地名、时间、数字、专有名词、核心动词/名词等），根据关键词快速扫描原文，定位到包含该细节的段落或句子，避免盲目通读全文。
2. 选项比对法：定位原文相关句子后，将选项与原文细节逐一比对。正确选项通常是原文的“同义替换”（如replace→take the place of, important→vital），而非逐字照搬；错误选项需警惕“偷换概念”（如将“some”改为“all”）、“因果颠倒”（将“because A”改为“because B”）、“无中生有”（原文未提及的信息）。
3. 顺序解题法：事实细节题的出题顺序通常与原文的行文顺序一致（即“题文同序”），可根据已做完的题目位置，推断下一题的答案大致在原文中的位置，提高定位效率。
4. 排除法：若无法直接确定正确答案，可先排除明显错误的选项（如与原文相悖、逻辑混乱、范围不符的选项），缩小选择范围后再仔细比对剩余选项。
四、2025年高考英语全国一卷阅读理解事实细节题例题（A篇21、23题）
The greening of planes, trains and automobiles
Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO₂emissions (排放). As the world races to decar bonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation –which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport.
The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled, but here are some of the solutions to get us going green.
This energy transition (变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It’s estimated that the global demand for Electricity could more than double by 2050.
Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke.
21. What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018?
11.6%. B. 45.1%.C. 74.5%. D. 86.1%.
23. What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition?
A. Limiting fuel consumption.
B.Putting more effort into renewables.
C. Improving energy efficiency.
D. Making electricity more affordable.
文章主旨：
本文是一篇说明文，文章指出交通运输是全球二氧化碳排放的重要来源，介绍不同交通方式减排的未来燃料方案，强调能源转型需大量可再生能源。
答案详解：
21.答案 C。事实细节题。题干含义：What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018?2018年道路车辆排放占全球交通排放的百分比是多少？
根据第一个图表可知，ROAD VEHICLES 包括 ROAD (PASSENGER)和 ROAD (GOODS)两部分，它们在 2018 年全球交通领域的温室气体排放总量中的比重分别是 45.1%和 29.4%，相加即为 ROAD VEHICLES 的比重 74.5%。因此应选C。
23. 答案B。事实细节题。 题干含义：What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition?关于能源转型，Wipke提出了什么建议？
根据关键词 Wipke 可以把关键信息定位到文章最后一段，再根据末句“We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke.Wipke说：“我们需要加快绿色能源的发展，它将被全部使用。”B. Putting more effort into renewables.加大对可再生能源的投入。因此应选B。
其它选项含义：A. Limiting fuel consumption.限制燃料消耗。C. Improving energy efficiency.提高能源效率。D. Making electricity more affordable.让人们更能负担得起电力。
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