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2022年高考英语巅峰突破精讲系列05
形容词和副词
形容词和副词是英语语法的重要组成部分，也是高考英语测试中的重要内容之一，形容词和副词的误用、形容词和副词的词序问题、词义易混的形容词和副词以及形容词和副词的比较等级几方面的内容均是高考命题的重点。
一 、形容词和副词在句中的成分及位置
1 形容词在句中充当定语、表语、补语和状语，而副词多作状语，修饰形容词、动词、副词及全句。例：
Tom gave us an interesting and helpful report yesterday.Certainly we should try our best to improve our work.2 形容词在句子中的位置：
1)作定语一般放在被修饰的名词前。如：a moving star
2)在下列情况下，形容词应放在中心词之后：
①修饰some, any, no等构成的合成词时。如：
something useless nothing important anything new
②形容词后有不定式短语或介词短语时。如：
She is a student worthy of praise. B.It is a problem difficult to solve.③ 用and或or连接的两个形容词强调中心词时。如：
All nations, large or small, rich or poor, should have the equal human rights.
④同表示数量的词组连用时。如：The highway is 200 kilometres long.
一个以上的形容词修饰同一个中心词时，形容词的排列次序一般遵循如下规律：①和中心词关系越密切的越靠近中心词。如：This is a beautiful wooden box.
②音节少的形容词一般排在音节较多的同类形容词之前。如：a small beautiful computer
③多类形容词作定语时的排列次序请参见第一讲。
4）以前缀a-开头的形容词及well, ill被称为表语形容词，不能作前置定语，但可充当表语、补语或状语。如：①I was ill yesterday.② I found him alone in the room.
二、形容词、副词原级、比较级和最高级的用法
1形容词（副词）比较级和最高级的构成：
1）音节及少数双音节加后缀或。如：
2）多音节及多数双音节词前加或。如：
3）少数不规则变化的词要逐一记住（列表如下）：
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 | 备注 |
Good/well | better | Best |
|
Bad/ill | worse | Worst |
|
Many/much | more | Most |
|
little | less | Least |
|
far | Farther（更远） | Farthest | 表具体意义 |
Further（更进一步） | Furthest | 表抽象的程度 | |
old | Older（更老的） | oldest | 比较年龄的大小 |
Elder（年长的） | Eldest | 指家庭成员的长幼 |
2．英语中常见的比较结构
A+as…as+B,“A与B程度、数量等完全相同”。如：He studies as well as Li Ping. 注意：结构只用于否定句或疑问句中。
2）A+less/more…than+B“A比B更少（多）”。如：
CPU is more important than any other units in a computer.（是计算机中最重要的单元）
3）…the more…of the two“两个数较的一个”。如：She is the taller of the two girls.
4）…the most of the…“…中最…的一个”。如：She is the tallest of the girls.
5）the more…the more…（the +比较级…the+比较级），“越…就越…”，前一个“the+比较级”表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。如：①The harder you study, the greater progress you’ll make. ② If you study harder, you’ll make the greater progress.
6）no+比较级+than=only“仅仅”，“只不过”。如：
I’m no more than a teacher.（我仅是一名教师）
7）…more+A+than+B…“与其说…不如说…”。如：He is more a student than a teacher.
他与其说是一名教师，不如说是一个学生。
8）A是B的几倍或几分之几，①A+分（倍）数+比较级+than+B ②A+分（倍）数+as+adj./adv.+as+B. 如：
This line is twice longer than that one.This line is twice as long as that one.The speed of this computer is only 1/5 as fast as that of another one.注意：①如果没有比较级就不能用than 。如：
We eat twice meat than before.（误）
We eat twice as much meat as before.（正）
②分词（包括单音节的hurt,tired, torn等）必须加more, most构成比较级等级。
③比较两个不同的形容词或副词要用more…than或rather…than。如：
He is more brave than wise.=He is rather brave than wise.
④某些形容词（如enough, main, favorite）和副词（如ahead, then,）没有比较等级。
⑤hardly是否定副词，不能与no连用。
⑥英语中，price只能与high, low搭配，而不能与cheap, expensive连用。如：
The price of cars is lower and lower. b.The cars is cheaper and cheaper.三、副词在句子中的位置：
1表示确定的时间和地点副词：一般置于句尾，若同时出现于同一个句子中，地点副词通常在前，时间副词在后。如：We arrived in Beijing at 9 o’clock yesterday morning.
2、表示不确定的时间副词：通常放在行为动词之前，be动词,助动词和情态动词之后。这类副词有always, usually, often, never, ever, seldom, sometimes, rarely, generally, frequently等, 如:① I’ll never fortet your warm-heartedness. ② She always helps her parents to cook.
3、修饰形容词和副词的程度副词(除enough外)一般放在被修饰词之前。如: ①She writes well enough. ② This book is well worth reading.
4、修饰不及物动词的方式副词要放在被修饰词之后。如：I can sing well.
5、修饰及物动词的方式副词可放在被修饰词之前或宾语之后；若宾语较长，也可放在动词和宾语之间。如：① She seldom speaks English. ② She can speak English fluently. ③ The police have been writing attentively some reports about the serious traffic accident.
6、及物动词+副词(down, on, off, in, out, up等)组成的动词词组有名词作宾语时，该名词可放在副词之后或之前；如有代词作宾语时，则该代词一定要放在副词之前。如：① Let’s cut down the tree.=Let’s cut the tree down. ② Let’s cut it down.
7、修饰名词的副词放在被修饰词之后。如: The villages there have all been flooded for ten days.
8、修饰全句的副词一般放在句首。如：Luckily he hasn’t been killed in the snowstorm.
四、复合形容词的构成：
基数词-名词(只用单数)-形容词。如：a ten-year-old boy基数词-名词(只用单数)。如：a five-year plan基数词-名词+-ed, 如：a three-storied building形容词-名词+-ed 如：a blue-eyed stranger副词-过去分词。如：a well-known person副词-现在分词。如：a high-flying bird注：①far, by far, much, rather, even, still, a little, a great deal等可用作程度状语修饰比较级和最高级。
② much还可修饰具有动词性的过去分词或现在分词；quite只修饰better，其它比较级则不被它修饰。如：I was much surprised.
五、强化训练从四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
1.—Can I help you? --I’d like to buy __________table.
A. a round wooden small B. a small round wooden C. a wooden small round D. so a small round wooden
2.I have written ten articles this year and I never thought that I could write _____ many.
A. such B. as C. this D. that
3. “She isn’t a professor, is she ?” “________________”
Yes, she isn’t. B. No, she is C.Yes, she was. D. No, but she was.I spent the _____________days at the seaside.few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last5. “Can I help you?” “Well, I’m afraid the bag is _________ heavy for you, but thank you all the same.”
too B. so C. much D. very6. We were so __________ moved by what professor Zhang said in the lecture that we discovered it _________into the night.
deeply; deep B. deep; deeply C. deep; deep D. deeply;deeply7.With the door ________ and the window _____ he slept.
opened; closed B.open; close C.open; closed D. opened; close8.This ______ girl is Mary’s cousin.
pretty little Swedish B.Swedish little pretty C. Swedish pretty little D. little pretty Swedish9.I won’t pay 2,000 yuan for the fridge because it is not worth _________.
all that much B. that much all C. that all much D. much all that10.I’m afraid that the milk powder may be _______ expensive.
all too much B. very much C. far too D. so too much11.Kate is _______ of the two girls.
much cleverer B. the much cleverer C. the very cleverer D. much the cleverer12.Sherriff didn’t make _______ whether he would attend the meeting the next day.
that clear B. it clear C. it was clear D. it clearly13.—Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
--I’d love to , but I’m _______ busy.
Very B. rather C. too D. quite14.—It wasn’t _________ so easy for us to believe the blind man.
--No, _______ no one believed him.
A. almost; nearly B.nearly;nearly B. nearly;almost D. almost;almost
15.—Have you decided which you like better,the red bag or the black bag?
-------Of the two, the red one is_____.
nicer B. a nice one C. nicest D. the nicerKeys:1-5 BDDBA 6-10 ACAAC 11-15DBCCD
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