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1. Machines that use hydraulic pressure including elevators, dentist chairs, and automobile brakes.
A. exclude
B. excluding
C. include
D. are included
2. The first recorded use of natural gas to light street lamps it was in the town of Frederick, New York, in 1825.
A. was
B. is
C. it is
D. were
3. Although the social sciences different a great deal from one another, they share a common interest in human relationship.
A. move
B. differ
C. change
D. varies
4. Unlike competitive running, race walkers must always keep some portion of their feet in contact with the ground.
A. run
B. runner
C. runners
D. running race
5. A promising note is a written agreement to pay a certain sum of money at some time future.
A. time futures
B. futures
C. futures time
D. future time
6. New York City surpassed the other Atlantic seaports in partly because it developed the best transportation links with the interior of the country.
A. part
B. partial
C. partner
D. parting
7. All root vegetables grow underground, and not all vegetables that grow underground are roots.
A. but
B. or
C. as
D. thus
8. The very real and far-reaching implications inherent in the current changes being experienced by government spaceports, with terms of their effect upon the whole international space community, are also highlighted.
A. for terms of
B. as terms of
C. in terms of
D. from terms of
参考解析：
1.【答案】C. 本题考查结构应用。分析句子结构可知，that use hydraulic pressure为定语从句，修饰主语Machines。所填部分为此句的谓语，且不表被动。句意为:使用液压的机器包括电梯、牙医椅子和自动刹车。根据句意可知，谓语动词应表“包括”之意。
2.【答案】A. 本题考查结构应用。分析句子成分可知，该句缺少谓语动词，主语是The first recorded use of natural gas in the town of Frederick为介宾短语。根据时间状语in1825可知，动作发生在过去，所以应用一般过去时态。且主语为单数。
3.【答案】B. 本题考查*惯搭配。句意为:尽管社会科学之间差异很大，但它们都对人际关系有着共同的兴趣。differ…from意为“与……不同”，符合句意;而vary from指“不规则地改变成断断续续地改变，强调变化的多样性”，有时也指事物在不同地点、时间、条件下的变化或差异。
4.【答案】C. 本题考查名词应用。句意为:跟赛跑者不一样，竞走者必须始终保持脚的某一部分接触地面。在此相比较的是赛跑者与竞走者，故排除A、D两项:又因主语race walkers是复数，所以，此处也应该用复数。
5.【答案】D 本题考查结构应用。本句时间状语为at…time，如:at this(that)time在这(那)时;future在此是形容词，意为“未来的，将来的”，作time的定语，意为“在未来的某个时间”。
6.【答案】A. 本题考查结构应用。句意为:纽约在有些方面胜过大西洋沿岸的其他港口城市，因为它与其他内陆城市发展起了最好的交通联系。此处要表达“部分地，在有些方面”之意，应用partly或in part，in之后不能跟partly; partial意为“部分的，局部的”。 partner意为“合伙人，股东”;parting“分别”。
7.【答案】A. 本题考查结构应用。句意为:所有的根蔬菜都长在地下，但并不是所有长在地下的蔬菜都是根蔬菜。根据句意可知，前后两句应是转折关系，四个选项中只有but表转折，符合题意;and 表示并列关系;or意为“或”;as意为“当……之时，随着” thus 意为“因此，这样”，均不符合句子逻辑关系。
8.【答案】C. 本题考查固定搭配。句意为:国家太空船发射降落场目前所具有的现实与深远的意义就它们在整个国际太空领域里的作用是突出的。In terms of意为“根据，按照，以……的观点，在……方面”，符合句意。
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