更新时间：作者：小小条
2016考研英语（一）、（二）丁晓钟团队客观题答案、阅读争议题解析、作文点评（丁晓钟、刘识途、张培、陈仲凯、刘琦及某资深阅卷组组长提供），新东方酷学网整理发布。
英语一
1. [C] as well as
2. [D] decide on
3. [C] arrange
4. [B] In theory
5. [C] After
6. [A] into
7. [B] but
8. [C] recite
9. [ D] tying
10. [A] passing
11. [D] union
12. [D] live
13. [B] until
14. [A] obtain
15. [C] viewed
16. [A] whatever
17. [B] brought
18. [D] divided
19. [C] shows
20. [B] while
21. [B] Physical beauty would be redefined.
22. [D] doing harm to.
23. [A] New standards are being set in Denmark.
24. [C] showing little concern for health factors.
25. [A] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals.
26. [D] is not well reflected in politics.
27. [A] gradually destroyed.
28. [D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.
29. [B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.
30. [D] the town-and-country planning in Britain.
31. [B] skepticism.
32. [A] winning trust from consumers.
33. [C] less severe.
34. [A] has an impact on their decision.
35. [B] The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown.
36. [A] the high cost of operation.
37. [D] make strategic adjustments.
38. [B] is meant for the most loyal customers.
39. [C] aggressiveness better meets challenges.
40. [C] Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good.
41. [B] Decide if the time is right.
42. [G] Know your goals.
43. [D] Understand the context.
44. [E] Work with professionals.
45. [F] Make it efficient.
争议题解析：
28. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.
[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off -plan” building.
[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.
[D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.
[原文]①At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. ②The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorsing “off-plan” building where local people might object. ③The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. ④Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. ⑤The Liberal Democrats are silent. ⑥Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. ⑦Its Campaign to protect rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.
第三段的主旨是介绍各党派对待rural development vs. rural conservation的态度。①~⑤是一个意群，介绍了各大党派的态度。⑥⑦是在讲Ukip这个政党的态度。
①为承上启下句和概括总结句。sentiment即指代前两段中的主题：对乡间环境的保护。①概括了各大党派在下次选举时不会赞同此种情愫，即表示对乡间环境保护不是积极支持。②~⑤则具体介绍了英国三大党（保守党，工党和自民党）的态度。②③指出保守党的计划改革明确将乡间开发置于保护之上。由此可见[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development与原文意思相反，原文中Labour的态度显然是支持开发而非反对。原文继续指出除了计划改革之外，还在当地人可能反对的地方建造了计划外的建筑（even authorsing “off-plan” building where local people might object）。原文只介绍了Conservatives批准了off-plan building，并没有在任何地方指出有放弃的可能，所以[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off -plan” building. 属于无中生有。⑤指出自民党保持沉默，并没有指出这个政党的政治影响力如何，所以[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence. 错误。
⑥⑦介绍了Ukip（英国独立党）的态度。 Only这个词即暗含着Ukip与上述政党的态度不同。sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land和to protect rural England都表明该政党支持乡间保护（rural conservation）。Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those...说明Ukip与支持乡间保护者站在一起，也就是说，Ukip很可能得到这些人的在政治等方面的支持。[D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.属于合理推测，故当选。
29. The author holds that George Osborne’s preference
[A] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.
[B] shows his disregard for character of rural areas.
[C] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.
[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.
[原文] ①The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. ②The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. ③Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. ④He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. ⑤This is not a free market but a biased one. ⑥Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. ⑦They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. ⑧We do not ruin urban conservation areas. ⑨Why ruin rural ones?
①②concreted meadows将牧地上浇筑混凝土，即形象地表示了在乡间的自然环境上造大量建筑物。作者认为因为房屋危机就要大力开发这些乡间绿色地带完全是游说集团的说辞。问题的核心不在于房屋的需求，而在于在哪里解决房屋需求。实际上上段就介绍了合理的地点是城镇中已经开发的地方再扩建，而不应该开发绿色保护区。
29题题干中的George Osborne’s preference实际上是在指代George Osborne对待城、乡的厚此薄彼，即②③的内容： George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. 总而言之，George Osborne更偏爱在乡间开发而非在城区开发。从全文主旨来看，他支持rural development而非rural conservation。⑥⑦是在介绍rural towns and villages的特点。⑧⑨是作者对George Osborne态度的反对，认为George Osborne的偏爱实际上有利于urban conservation areas，而毁坏了rural conservation。
[A] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure. 由③Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours ... 可知George Osborne的preference显然是受到了游说集团的压力，所以[A]选项与原文意思相反。
[B] shows his disregard for character of rural areas. 和[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas. 实际上是一对意思相反的答案，答案往往就是这二者中选一。由段落分析可知，George Osborne显然支持rural development而非rural conservation，他对rural areas的character漠不关心，所以[B]是对原文的合理概括。[D]选项与原文意思相反。
[C] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis. 由①②的内容可知因为housing crisis而要在农村绿色地区开发是没有必要的，所以[C]选项与原文意思相反。
31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with
[A] tolerance
[B] skepticism
[C] uncertainty
[D] approval
[原文]①"There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” Wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, "That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profit”. ②But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. ③New research suggest the CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.
①介绍了Milton Friedman的观点，概括说来就是：企业的唯一目的就是挣钱。②由but和even if这些词可以预感作者持反对或者质疑的态度。作者说即使接受了Friedman的假设并且认为对企业的社会责任的投入是浪费股东的钱，在这种情况下，事情却也许并不完全明朗。things may not be absolutely clear-cut实际上是在说即使按照Friedman的理念去实施，但是也并不一定就能达到这个理念的目的——利益的最大化。③进一步补充了研究结论，CSR或许为企业带来经济价值，并不是Friedman所认为的是浪费股东的钱。
由此可知作者认为Friedman’s statement持质疑的态度，[B] skepticism是最佳答案。[A] tolerance和[D] approval与原文意思相反。
[C] uncertainty是一个很强的干扰项，如果选本答案，则显然中了命题者的圈套。这一干扰项来自things may not be absolutely clear-cut。此处的uncertainty是指按照Friedman的说法去做，其结果也不一定就能够达到目的；而非作者对Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR的态度存在不确定性。
考研英语一真题作文点评（由某资深阅卷组长提供）
英语一小作文
今年是继2010年后第二次考通知，其它年度（2005年开始考小作文）全部考的是书信。图书馆的话题也是常考的，2007年就考了关于提升其服务的建议信。今年的通知是给新招的留学生提供相关信息，实际上就是对图书馆非常简洁的介绍，建议分点来写，把层次突显出来即可。
如果把通知写成书信，影响很可能将是相当有限的，原因有二。其一，是因为这个题目不是最典型的通知，比如开会、活动、征集稿件或信息变动，而是近似于书信的通知；其二，预计会有许多同学写成书信，这样许多地方会在阅卷建议中明确，或者直接扣一分，或者让阅卷老师酌情掌握。
最糟糕的情况是有的同学一看到通知就感觉没有准备到而崩溃了，这时应想一想可能许多其他同学也没有准备到，再静下心来想想解决的办法。
英语一大作文
今年考的是双图，双图的特点就是比单图变化少。2000、2003、2006、2014均考过双图，其中2000、2003是相同对象的对比双图，2006年是简单重复的双图（照片），与单图相比仅起到加强的作用，2014年是不同对象的对比双图。今年考的也是包括父母与孩子的对比双图，但与前面不一样的是两幅图没有时间跨度，是提练出来的两种情形的对比，抽象度是比较高的，但由于下面的标题，难度降低，最终的难度指数正好为中。
重点在父母身上，“只提要求”和“做个榜样”是对比的情况，最简单的写法就是对比写法，然后再下结论就可以了。或者对常见的情形（父母玩却叫孩子学*）简写，而更多地写理想的情形（父母工作带到孩子学*），这也是一个好的选择。
请大家仔细看，提纲的第二条为“interpret the meaning”，这是一改多年来写成“explain its intended meaning”的做法，而是回到了2004到2006年的做法——这样写隐含的意思就是图画是比较抽象的，而“explain its intended meaning”则表示抽象度可高可低。这预示着明年英语一的抽象度可能会上升，难度可能会加大。实际上今年的难度已经增大，是由标题将难度拉下来了。今年的图画下给出的标题如果稍做更换，难度将会提升，如：“望子成龙，父母该怎么做？”
个别同学没有写父母以身作则，而是扩展到社会现象，就是不要对别人和对自己设定双重标准，只叫别人做而自己不做——对于成熟的阅卷老师，算成跑题的可能性是极小的，在语言水平相同的情况下还可能给更高的分数，因为考生使用了类比的方法，做了提练，这是高级作文的特征。
英语二
1.[C] how
2.[B] In particular
3.[D] necessary
4.[C] optimism
5.[D] change
6.[B] measured
7.[A] sure
8.[D] headquartered
9.[A] explain
10.[B] factors
11.[A] desirable
12.[B] held
13.[A] attribute
14.[D] experienced
15.[C] also
16.[D] equally
17.[C] While
18.[C] hints
19.[A] shape
20.[B] lean towards
21.[B]remodel the way of thinking
22.[B] interest
23.[A] help students learn other computer languages
24.[C] become better prepared for the digitalized world
25.[A] persuade
26.[A] its drastically decreased population
27.[C] granted less federal regulatory power
28.[A] agree to pay a sum for compensation
29.[D] the states
30.[C] environmental groups
31.[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed
32.[B] make passing time fulfilling
33.[D] achieve immersive reading
34.[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day
35.[B] How to Find Time to Read
36.[B] having a family with children
37.[C] attach importance to pre-martial finance
38.[D] reach almost all aspects of American life
39.[D] getting established is harder for the young
40.[C] His parents' good life has little to do with a college degree
41.[D] Express your emotions
42. [F] Be easily pleased
43.[A] Be silly
44.[B] Have fun
45.[E] Don't overthink it
争议题解析：
27.The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____。
[A] was a give-in to governmental pressure
[B] would involve fewer agencies in action
[C] granted less federal regulatory power
[D] went against conservation policies
[原文]①The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened. ②“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. ③Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. ④They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. ⑤But Ashe and others argued that the ”threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservation approaches. ⑥In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action, and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken‘s habitat.
由题干中的“disappointed some environmentalists”定为到第二段③。④They指代上句中的some environmentalists，这些环保主义者原本想将此鸟归类为“濒危”（endangered），此级别能够赋予联邦有更大的监管权。显而易见，这些环保者对将此鸟归类为“危险”（threatened）的失望之处在于：此级别使得联邦政府的监管权不如“濒危”来地大，[C] granted less federal regulatory power当选。
[A] was a give-in to governmental pressure, 原文并没有提到USFWS将此鸟归类为threatened是受到政府的压力而妥协。
[B] would involve fewer agencies in action. 原文并没有提到USFWS将此鸟归类为threatened会导致更少的机构参与行动。干扰项可能来自⑤⑥，另外一部分环保主义者认为USFWS将此鸟归类为threatened而非endangered将带来更多机构的合作。
[D] went against conservation policies. 显而易见，环保主义者肯定认为将这些鸟类列入名录是有利于动物保护的，所以该选项与原文意思相反。环保主义者失望之处在于USFWS的归类级别还不够。
28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____.
[A] agree to pay a sum for compensation
[B] volunteer to set up an equally big habitat
[C] offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job
[D] promise to raise funds for USFWS operations
[原文]①Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. ②Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. ③The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat , USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. ④And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. ⑤Overall, the idea is to let “states” remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species,” Ashe said.
定位到第三段，题干中的unintentional harm-doers是对①landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird的概括性替代，由原文可知选项应该和此内容相关：they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat，②对其中的 a range—wide management 做了进一步解释，the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. 总而言之，这些unintentional harm-doers免遭起诉的条件是签署一项 plan，而此plan的主要内容就是他们拿钱投入到基金会中，此基金用来弥补habitat的损失。
由②③④可知，该fund有几个目的：
（1） 破坏者通过它将栖息地以一置二。
（2） 补偿因为habitat 而失地的地主。
（3） 支持WAFWA监督此环保活动的进度。
该fund的资金来源可能并不止这些栖息地的非故意破坏者，所以只能说明确说他们pay into the fund是为了支持（一）。（二）（三）的资金来源并不一定是这些非故意破坏者。
[A] agree to pay a sum for compensation是对①②的概括性总结，应该当选。
[B] volunteer to set up an equally big habitat与replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat原文意思矛盾，不当选。
[C] offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job. 该干扰项来自④it（指代the fund） gives WAFWA the job of monitoring progress。由上述分析可知，unintentional harm-doers pay into the fund的明确目的只是第一个：栖息地的以一置二，而是第三个。
[D] promise to raise funds for USFWS operations. 该干扰项来自②the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to，但是这里的their指代individuals and businesses，此operations属于这些unintentional harm-doers，而不是USFWS。由上述分析可知，USFWS 的operations由三个，而unintentional harm-doers只是通过此fund来支持第一个operation——栖息地的以一置二。所以该选项属于以偏概全。另外一方面，原文是pay into a fund（付钱给基金）和raise funds（募集资金）也存在语义上的差别。
30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______。
[A] industry groups
[B] the win-win rhetoric
[C] environmental groups
[D] the plan under challenge
[原文]①Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. ②Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. ③Not surprisingly, industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far; environmentalists say it doesn’t go far enough. ④“The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.
由Jay Lininger定为到末段最后一句。Jay Lininger说联邦政府把管理鸟类的责任推到一些行业身上，而正是这些行业将鸟类推向了灭绝。由这句话可知，Jay Lininger对这项政策持批判态度，对涉及其中的联邦政府和这些行业也持批判态度。总而言之，Jay Lininger认为对鸟类的保护还不够。所以不应选[B] the win-win rhetoric和[D] the plan under challenge。
由③可知industry groups和states认为对鸟类的保护政策行之太过；而环保主义者则认为还不够。显而易见，Jay Lininger认同environmentalists的观点，反对industry groups和states的观点。所以[C] environmental groups当选，[D] the plan under challenge不应该入选。
考研英语二真题作文点评（由某资深阅卷组长提供）
英语二小作文
小作文是英语二与英语一难度完全相同甚至更高的部分，而其它部分大多难度低于英语一，有的差距还很大，如新题型；翻译与大作文也是英语一比英语二难，但差距没有那么大。今年的题目出得很精彩，实际上包含两个部分，前面一半是对祝贺信的回复，后面一半是建议信。这种书信的主体仍分为三段，开始是对对方的祝贺表示感谢；中间是展开说自己的建议，应分点来写；最后一段是总结，最好对上面的两段均进行呼应，再次表示感谢，并希望自己的建议对对方有所帮助。
传统的书信常见的种类只有十一二种，在这些种类基本考了一遍以后（看出题规律时应把英语一和英语二的小作文放在一起看），可能会考一些变体。比如与求职信相比，辞职信不是那么常见，却可能更容易考到（2005年英语一）；可能会考到非典型的书信（2014年英语二就不是纯粹的询问信，而是提供相关信息后再进行询问）；可能会考到通知（英语一包括今年两次，英语二一次）。
非典型的考题有两类，一类就是对常见的书信回复的信件，这在将来几年会很常见，比如建议信、投诉信和询问信的回复信函，而致歉信本身就很可能是邀请信的回复信件；一类就是将两个部分结合在一起的信件，这时大家应学会拆解，并在充分注重功能的基础上，把结尾写好；这种结合类的信件可能前半是祝贺信或感谢信这样信件的回复，这种回复信件是写不了一封标准长度信件，所以可能与提供信息或询问信息相结合。
英语二大作文
饼图是各类图表中比较简单的一类，是英语二第二次考，也是继去年后连续第二年考。虽然与去年和前年一样，提纲中没有描述图表这一条，但是仍然要在文章开头对图画进行描述。之后进入阐释的部分，由大到小对每一项给出原因。由于篇幅有限，可以把第三、四项融成一点。
最后的结论段很重要，一定要写好。可以再次突出写大学生外出旅游是因为两个最重要的原因，而后说这反应了当前的社会特征或在未来这一趋势仍将延续。
图表题的难度一般分为三个层次，通常有变量和数据个数决定，2013、2015和今年（2016）都是最简单的一个层次，而2012属于最难的一个层次，关于这点有机会展开来再讲。
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