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高中英语高考高频语法点清单(附真题例题+解题技巧)

一、非谓语动词(高考必考点,占语法题20%左右)
核心考点
- 三种形式:to do(表目的、将来)、doing(表主动、进行)、done(表被动、完成)
- 常考用法:作状语、定语、宾语补足语,以及独立主格结构
真题例题
1. (2024·全国甲卷)______ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.
A. Completing B. Complete C. To complete D. Completed
2. (2023·全国乙卷)The machine ______ last week is now being tested in the workshop.
A. repaired B. repairing C. to be repaired D. having repaired
解题技巧
1. 先判断句子是否已有谓语动词(如例题1中“were working”是谓语),若有则空格处必为非谓语;
2. 看非谓语与逻辑主语的关系:主动用doing/to do,被动用done;表目的用to do,表伴随/结果用doing;
3. 例题1:逻辑主语是“the staff”,“完成项目”是“加班”的目的,选C;例题2:逻辑主语是“the machine”,“机器被修理”,且动作已完成,选A。
二、定语从句(高频考点,阅读、写作均高频出现)
核心考点
- 关系代词:that/which/who/whom/whose(指代人或物,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语)
- 关系副词:when/where/why(指代时间、地点、原因,在从句中作状语)
- 特殊考点:介词+关系代词、非限制性定语从句
真题例题
1. (2024·新课标I卷)The bookstore ______ I bought this novel is next to the school library.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
2. (2023·浙江卷)My sister, ______ works as a doctor, will come back home this weekend.
A. who B. which C. that D. whose
解题技巧
1. 第一步找先行词(被修饰的名词/代词,如例题1中“the bookstore”、例题2中“My sister”);
2. 第二步判断先行词在从句中的成分:作主语/宾语用关系代词,作状语用关系副词;
3. 非限制性定语从句不能用that(如例题2),先行词是人用who,选A;例题1中先行词“bookstore”在从句中作地点状语(I bought this novel in the bookstore),选B。
三、时态语态(基础考点,贯穿所有题型)
核心考点
- 高频时态:一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在进行时、将来时
- 语态:主动语态、被动语态(重点掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时的被动)
真题例题
1. (2024·新课标II卷)—Have you finished your homework?
—Not yet. I ______ it since 7 o'clock this evening.
A. did B. am doing C. have been doing D. will do
2. (2023·全国甲卷)The letters ______ by the postman every morning at 8 o'clock.
A. deliver B. are delivered C. delivered D. were delivered
解题技巧
1. 时态判断:抓时间标志词(如例题1中“since 7 o'clock”,since引导的时间状语常配现在完成进行时,表动作持续,选C);
2. 语态判断:看主语与谓语的关系,主动则用主动语态,被动则用“be+done”(如例题2中“letters”被投递,时间标志“every morning”表一般现在时,选B);
3. 过去完成时需满足“过去的过去”(如“By the time he arrived, the meeting had already started”)。
四、名词性从句(高频考点,易错点集中)
核心考点
- 四种从句:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
- 连接词:that(无意义,不充当成分)、what/who/which(有意义,充当成分)、if/whether(表“是否”)
真题例题
1. (2024·浙江卷)______ he will attend the meeting tomorrow is not sure yet.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. What
2. (2023·全国乙卷)I don't know ______ she will come or not.
A. that B. if C. whether D. what
解题技巧
1. 先判断从句类型:位于句首且作主语是主语从句,位于动词后是宾语从句;
2. 主语从句中表“是否”只能用whether,不能用if(如例题1,选B);
3. 宾语从句中“whether...or not”是固定搭配,if不能与or not连用(如例题2,选C);
4. 从句中缺成分用what/who/which,不缺成分且无意义用that。
五、情态动词(基础考点,侧重语境辨析)
核心考点
- 高频情态动词:can/could、may/might、must/have to、should/ought to、need
- 常考用法:表能力、许可、推测、义务,以及情态动词+have done(表对过去的推测)
真题例题
1. (2024·全国甲卷)—Someone is knocking at the door. Who ______ it be?
—It can't be Tom. He has gone to Beijing.
A. must B. can C. should D. need
2. (2023·新课标I卷)You ______ have told me earlier that you couldn't attend the party.
A. should B. must C. can D. may
解题技巧
1. 表推测:肯定推测用must(语气最强)、may/might(语气较弱),否定推测用can't(不能用mustn't),如例题1,选B;
2. 情态动词+have done:should have done表“本应该做却没做”,must have done表“过去一定做了”,如例题2,表“你本应该早点告诉我”,选A;
3. 区分must和have to:must表主观义务,have to表客观需求。
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