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表语：现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态。
例如：The situation is encouraging．
He is too frightened to move．
现在分词作定语，逻辑主语是它修饰的词；过去分词作定语，逻辑宾语是它修饰的词。
例如：Listen! There must be someone trekking（艰苦跋涉） through the jungle.
Please hand in your written exercises．
状语：分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。
例如：The students went out of the classroom，talking and laughing．
Seen from the hill，our school looks more beautiful．
补足语：现在分词作补足语，表“主动关系”；过去分词作补足语，表“被动关系”。
例如：Don’t keep us waiting for a long time．
I heard him singing in the classroom．
He’ll have his hair cut after school．
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