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全部倒装:主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词, 叫全部倒装。全部倒装有以下三种情况:
1、当here, there, out, in, up, down等副词放在句首时, 句子需全部倒装:
There goes the bell! 铃响了!
There lived an old man.
Here comes the bus.
注意:
①在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词, 像go, come, mush等。
②主语如果是代词时不需倒装如Away he went. 他走远了。
2、方位状语在句首, 如:
In front of the house stopped a police car.
Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.
Under the tree sat a boy.
3 、直接引语在句首, 这种情况可倒装也可不倒装"What does it mean?" asked the boy或the boy asked.
部分倒装:主语与谓语的助动词交换位置称部分倒装, 有以下数种情况:
1,否定意义的词在句首, 句子部分倒装, 例如:
little,never, not, no, hardly, rarely,seldom.
Never shall I forget you.
At no time was the man aware of what was happening.
Little did I understand what he said to me at that time.
2、 几对并列连词如not only…but also, hardly… when等连接两个并列句, 连词在句首, 前句倒装, 后句不倒装:
Not only was everything he had taker away from him, but also his German citizenship was taken away.
No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.
注意:
①not only…but also连接两个并列主语时不需倒装,如:
Not only you but also I like playing chess.
②neither…nor在句首时前后两句都需倒装
Neither do I have a sister nor does my husband.
3、only在句首强调状语, 主句倒装:
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
Only in this way can I learn from my fault.
Only when the war was over in 1918, was he able to get back to work.
注意: only强调主语不倒装:
Only the teachers can use the room.
4、so…that句型, so在句首时, 主句倒装, that从句不倒装:
So easy is it that a clild can learn it.So hard did he work that he finally won the fame.I saw the film, so did he.
典型例题
1) Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted
B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted
D. does smoking permit
答案A.
这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是：
Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
【全部倒裝与部分倒裝考点汇总】
考点1：倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
例：Then came the teacher.
Here is your letter。
There goes the bus .
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，主谓倒装。句中谓语表示运动的动词，主语为名词。这类副词有：up, down, out, away, off, in, on, up等。
例：Off goes the woman!
那个女人走了！
⭐注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
例：Here he comes.
考点2：倒装句之部分倒装
基本定义：
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如：no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
例: Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
⭐ 注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
以否定词组开头作部分倒装
Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
2）so，neither，nor作部分倒装。
表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。
例： Jack can play piano. So can I.
⭐注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。
Bob asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard.
---So it is.
3）only 在句首要倒装的情况。
①Only in this way, can you learn English well.
②Only after being asked several times did she come to the party.
⭐ 注意：如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
例：Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
4）as，though引导的倒装句。
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。
⭐注意：
1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。例：
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
⭐注意: 让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。
5）其它部分倒装
1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。 例：
So excited was he that he jumped high.
Fool ( ) Michael is, he could not have done such a thing.
A. Who B. as C. that D. like
正确答案: B
2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
例：May you all be happy.
3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
例： Were I you, I would try it again.
【练一练】
( )1、 your advice, I would have made the wrong decision.A. Hadn’t it been forB. Had it not been forC. Had it been forD. Had not it been for(出自2016年真题第19题)正确答案：B
（ ）2、 the attempted rescue mission，the hostages might still be alive.A. If it not had been forB. If had it not been forC. Had it not been forD. Had not it been for（出自2019年真题第12题）正确答案：C
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