主谓宾
一、核心结构:主谓宾
主语(Subject)句子动作的发出者,由名词、代词等充当。
例:Tom eats an apple. → Tom(主语)谓语(Predicate)描述主语的动作或状态,由动词构成。

例:She sings beautifully. → sings(谓语动词)宾语(Object)动作的承受者,由名词、代词等充当。
例:I bought a book. → a book(宾语)经典句型:
主 + 谓 + 宾 →
The dog (主) chases (谓) the cat (宾).
二、修饰成分:定语 & 状语
定语(Attribute)修饰名词,回答“什么样的?”形式:形容词、介词短语、从句等。
例:The red (定语)car is mine. → red修饰car 例:The girl in the hat (定语) is my sister. → in the hat修饰girl状语(Adverbial)修饰动词、形容词或整个句子,回答“何时/何地/如何?”形式:副词、介词短语、从句等。
例:She runs quickly (状语). → quickly修饰run 例:We will meet at 3 PM (状语). → at 3 PM修饰meet
三、补充成分:补语
补语对主语或宾语进行补充说明,分为两类:
主语补语(Subject Complement)在系动词后说明主语的性质或状态。
例:He is happy (主补). → happy补充主语He 例:The soup tastes salty (主补). → salty补充主语soup宾语补语(Object Complement)补充说明宾语的属性或动作。
例:They elected him president (宾补). → president补充宾语him 例:I found the movie boring (宾补). → boring补充宾语movie
四、解释成分:同位语
同位语对前面的名词进行解释或等同说明,常用逗号或“即”连接。
形式:名词、短语、从句(同位语从句)。
例:My friend, a doctor (同位语), is coming. → a doctor解释friend 例:The fact that he won (同位语从句) surprised us. → that he won解释fact
易混淆点对比
成分 | 功能 | 例句 |
定语 | 修饰名词 | The black cat (定语) is sleeping. |
同位语 | 解释名词,可替换原词 | Paris, the capital of France (同位语), is beautiful. |
状语 | 修饰动作或状态 | She studies hard (状语) every day. |
小测试:分析句子成分!
The teacher gave the students an interesting assignment.The news that he resigned shocked everyone.She painted the wall blue.
答案:
主(teacher) + 谓(gave) + 间宾(students) + 直宾(assignment)主(news) + 同位语(that he resigned) + 谓(shocked) + 宾(everyone)主(She) + 谓(painted) + 宾(wall) + 宾补(blue)
掌握句子成分,阅读写作不再“拆盲盒”!
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