美国留学

Hey, everyone.

大家好。

Welcome or welcome back to my channel.

欢迎新老观众收看本频道。

I'm Claire, your English teacher and a native speaker from the US.

我是克莱尔，你们的英语老师，一个土生土长的美国人。

This video will cover all the phrasal verbs with the base verb "do" that you need to know in English.

本期视频将为大家梳理所有和基础动词“do”相关的必备英语短语动词。

Stick around until the end because I'll share some tips for how to remember these phrasal verbs and use them naturally in conversation.

一定要看到最后哦，因为我会分享一些小技巧，教大家如何记住这些短语动词，并在对话中自然地使用它们。

Let's begin.

我们开始吧。

English made easy with Claire.

克莱尔带你轻松学英语。

Do up actually has a couple meanings.

“do up”其实有好几个意思。

It can mean to fasten something like clothes, a button, or a zipper.

它可以指系紧或扣上某样东西，比如衣服、纽扣或拉链。

For example, if it's cold outside and your coat is open, I could say, "Do up your coat. It's cold out here." Now, do up can also mean to repair, renovate, or decorate.

要是外面很冷，你的外套敞开着，我就可以说：“把外套拉上，外面冷。”此外，“do up”还有修理、翻新或装饰的意思。

For example, "They're planning to do up their kitchen next summer." That means they're going to improve it and add or change things to make it nicer.

例句：“他们打算明年夏天把厨房翻新一下。”意思就是他们要改造厨房，添置或更换一些东西，让它变得更好看。

Do over means to redo something.

“do over”的意思是重做某件事。

So, for example, "My essay was full of mistakes, so I had to do it over." It means you had to do it again.

例句：“我的论文错误百出，所以我得重写一遍。”意思是你得把这件事再做一次。

Sometimes you may even hear this phrasal verb as a noun.

有时候，这个短语动词甚至可以当名词用。

A do-over is a fresh start or a second chance.

“a do-over”指的是重新开始或再来一次的机会。

So let's say you are trying a new skill for the first time, let's say basketball, and you're trying to shoot a hoop in the basket, but you miss, and if you want to try again, you could say, "Can I get a do-over?" Do away with means to get rid of something or stop using something.

你第一次尝试一项新技能，比如打篮球，你试着投篮但没投进，如果你想再试一次，就可以说：“我能再来一次吗？”“do away with”的意思是废除、淘汰或停止使用某物。

For example, "Many schools are doing away with pen and paper and are switching to computers and tablets," or "I think we should do away with the old rules that no one follows anymore." Now, this one's a little more informal, "do in," and actually, you can think of the full phrase as "do someone in." It means to exhaust someone or make them really tired.

例句：“许多学校正在淘汰纸笔，转而使用电脑和平板”，或者，“我觉得我们应该废除那些没人再遵守的旧规定了。”接下来这个“do in”稍微口语化一些，你其实可以把它看作是“do someone in”这个完整的短语。它的意思是让某人精疲力竭或非常疲惫。

So, for example, "That 10-hour work shift really did me in. I'm so tired." Do in can also mean to hurt someone or kill someone.

例句：“那 10 个小时的班真把我给累垮了，我太累了。”“do in”也有伤害某人或杀死某人的意思。

It's often used jokingly or dramatically or ironically, though.

不过，这个用法通常带有调侃、夸张或讽刺的意味。

Just in the same way you might say, "I ran a marathon yesterday, and it totally killed me, " you could say, "I ran a marathon yesterday, and it totally did me in." You might hear this phrase in movies about crime or with mobs, where they talk about doing people in, so that's what that means if you hear this phrase.

就像你可能会说“我昨天跑了个马拉松，简直要了我的命”一样，你也可以说：“我昨天跑了个马拉松，真是把我累瘫了。”你可能会在犯罪电影或黑帮片里听到这个短语，他们会说把人“做掉”，如果你在这类影片里听到这个短语，就是这个意思。

So Doug did them in and then cut off his hand to send a message.

道格把他们“做掉”了，然后砍下他一只手以示警告。

Do without means to manage without something you want or need.

“do without”的意思是，在缺少某件需要或想要的东西时，也能设法应付。

For example, "I forgot my phone at home today, but I'll have to do without it." It means I'll have to manage without it.

例句：“我今天把手机忘家里了，但也只能凑合一天了。”意思就是我得在没有手机的情况下撑过去。

I'll have to find a way to survive without my phone.

我得想办法在没有手机的情况下熬过去。

Hard, I know.

我知道，这很难。

Or, "During the power outage, we had to do without electricity for hours, " so we had to deal with the fact there was no electricity or lights.

或者，“停电的时候，我们好几个小时没有电可用”，所以不得不忍受没电没灯的状况。

This last phrasal verb I'll tell you about is the least common and a little old-fashioned, so don't worry too much about using this one.

我要讲的最后一个短语动词不太常用，而且有点偏老式，所以大家不用太纠结它的用法。

But you may hear it in movies or conversations, and that is "do by." And we often hear it as the phrase "do well by," and it means to treat someone or something in a particular way, in this case, in a good way.

不过，你仍可能在电影或对话中听到，它就是“do by”。我们常听到的形式是“do well by”，意思是“善待”某人或某物。

So, for example, "She always does well by her employees, treating them with fairness and respect." I've done well by you, and the idea was if we do well by this account, you'll give us a shot at the big one.

例句：“她总是善待自己的员工，给予他们公平与尊重。”我待你不薄，我们的想法是，如果我们把这个客户伺候好了，你就会给我们一个拿下大单的机会。

Again, this one's not so common but useful to know.

再次说明，这个短语动词不那么常见，但了解一下总没坏处。

Okay, so here's the recap of what we've learned today and some quick tips to remember phrasal verbs.

好了，我们来回顾一下今天学的内容，再分享几个记住短语动词的小技巧。

First, learn them in phrases or in sentences, not just as isolated words.

首先，要结合短语或句子来学*，不要孤立地记单词。

So take the sentences we covered in this video and maybe write them down so you remember them better, or try writing your own sentence for each one.

你可以把我们这期视频里讲过的句子抄下来，这样能记得更牢，或者试着用每个短语动词自己造个句。

You could even put them in the comments below and I can give you feedback on them as well, and you're more likely to remember them this way.

你甚至可以把造的句子发在下面的评论区，我也可以给你一些反馈，这样你更容易记住它们。

Another good trick to learn phrasal verbs is to assign a verb as a synonym for every phrasal verb you learn.

学*短语动词的另一个诀窍是，为你学到的每个短语匹配一个同义动词。

So, for example, if you want to use the word renovate in conversation, use do up instead.

比如，在对话中你想用 “renovate（翻新）”这个词，不如换成“do up”。

Renovate, do up; redo, do over; tire, do in.

“renovate”对应的就是“do up”，“redo（重做）”是“do over”，“tire（疲惫）”则是“do in”。

And of course, practice using phrasal verbs actively as much as you can.

当然啦，一定要尽可能主动地练*使用这些短语动词。

If you have the chance to speak English often, make sure you are incorporating new phrasal verbs you learn in your conversations.

如果你经常有机会说英语，一定要记得把新学的短语动词用到对话中去。

I had to do without coffee this morning.

今天早上我只好不喝咖啡应付一下了。

It was a total disaster.

简直是场灾难。

See?

明白了吧？

Okay, guys, that's it for today's lesson.

好了各位，今天的课就到这里。

If you enjoyed this lesson, don't forget to give it a like, subscribe to my channel, and click the notification bell so you don't miss my upcoming videos.

如果你喜欢这节课，别忘了点赞、订阅我的频道，再点击通知铃铛，这样就不会错过我之后的视频啦。

If you want to support my channel, click the join button below and get access to exclusive perks as well.

如果你想支持我的频道，可以点击下方的“加入”按钮，解锁专属福利哦。

Thanks so much for watching, and I'll see you next time.

非常感谢大家的收看，我们下期再见。

Bye for now.

拜拜。

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