网站首页
手机版

考研英语二 2025 年真题阅读 A 第三篇原文逐句翻译与分析

更新时间:作者:小小条

Text 3: India's Heat Action Plans: A Model for Urban Heat Resilience (印度高温应对计划:城市热韧性的典范)「链接」

考研英语二 2025 年真题阅读 A 第三篇原文逐句翻译与分析


第一段

① Mumbai, India—In Lal Matti, an informal settlement of tin-roofed homes in this coastal city, summer can be unbearable.

翻译:印度孟买 — 在这座沿海城市的 Lal Matti,一个由锡皮屋顶房屋组成的非正式定居点,夏天酷热难耐。

语言点:

an informal settlement of tin-roofed homes:同位语,解释 Lal Matti 的性质tin-roofed:复合形容词,"锡皮屋顶的",由名词 + 过去分词构成can be unbearable:情态动词 + 系表结构,表示 "可能会变得无法忍受"

重点词汇:

tin-roofed[ˈtɪnruːft]:锡皮屋顶的记忆技巧:tin (锡) + roof (屋顶) + -ed (形容词后缀)→锡皮屋顶的联想:类似构词法 "glass-walled"(玻璃墙的),"brick-built"(砖砌的)

② Before the monsoon rains arrive, temperatures can top 37°C, with humidity at a sweltering 95%.

翻译:在季风降雨到来之前,温度可高达 37°C,湿度达到闷热的 95%。

语言点:

Before 引导时间状语从句:表示 "在... 之前"can top:情态动词 + 动词,表示 "可以达到 (某一高度 / 水平)"with humidity at a sweltering 95%:独立主格结构,补充说明环境状况

重点词汇:

monsoon[mɒnˈsuːn]:季风记忆技巧:发音联想 "蒙松"→季风带来的潮湿感联想:常见搭配 "monsoon rains"(季风雨),"monsoon season"(季风季节)sweltering[ˈsweltərɪŋ]:闷热的,酷热的记忆技巧:swelter (闷热) + -ing (形容词后缀)→闷热的联想:同义词 "stifling"(令人窒息的),"oppressive"(闷热的)

③ The hot, muggy afternoons are particularly oppressive, says Tamrunissa, a young woman who lives with her extended family in a large room above a shop, accessed by a ladder.

翻译:炎热潮湿的下午特别闷热,Tamrunissa 说,她是一位与大家庭住在商店楼上一个大房间里的年轻女性,需要通过梯子才能上去。

语言点:

says Tamrunissa:插入语,引用说话者who lives with her extended family:定语从句,修饰 "a young woman"accessed by a ladder:过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰 "room",表示 "通过梯子进入的"

重点词汇:

muggy[ˈmʌɡi]:闷热潮湿的,湿气重的记忆技巧:发音联想 "马季"→闷热天气让人想起相声演员马季的幽默联想:同义词 "humid"(潮湿的),但 muggy 更强调闷热感extended family:大家庭 (包括父母、子女、祖父母等)记忆技巧:extended (延伸的) + family (家庭)→延伸的家庭→大家庭联想:反义词 "nuclear family"(核心家庭,只有父母和子女)

第二段

① Sometimes, Mumbai's heat becomes deadly.

翻译:有时,孟买的高温会致命。

语言点:

become deadly:系表结构,"变得致命"deadly:形容词,"致命的",修饰 heat

重点词汇:

deadly[ˈdedli]:致命的,致死的记忆技巧:dead (死亡) + -ly (形容词后缀)→致命的联想:常见搭配 "deadly heat"(致命高温),"deadly weapon"(致命武器)

② In April, on a day the temperature reached 36°C, 11 people sitting through an hourslong outdoor ceremony died from heat stroke.

翻译:今年 4 月,在气温达到 36°C 的一天,11 人在一场持续数小时的户外仪式中因中暑死亡。

语言点:

on a day the temperature reached 36°C:时间状语,其中包含省略 that 的定语从句sitting through an hourslong outdoor ceremony:现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰 peopledied from heat stroke:动宾结构,"死于中暑"

重点词汇:

heat stroke:中暑 (医学术语)记忆技巧:heat (热) + stroke (中风)→热导致的类似中风的症状→中暑联想:医学相关表达 "sunstroke"(日射病),"heat exhaustion"(热衰竭)

第三段

① Indians are increasingly at risk from extreme heat and heat waves that are more frequent and last longer.

翻译:印度人越来越面临极端高温和持续时间更长、频率更高的热浪的风险。

语言点:

are increasingly at risk from:固定搭配,"越来越面临... 的风险"that are more frequent and last longer:定语从句,修饰 heat waves,使用比较级last longer:"持续更长时间",last 为系动词

重点词汇:

heat waves:热浪记忆技巧:heat (热) + waves (波浪)→像波浪一样袭来的高温→热浪联想:气象学表达 "cold wave"(寒潮),"drought"(干旱)

② The country saw a 55% rise in heat-related deaths between 2000–04 and 2017–21, according to research published last year in The Lancet.

翻译:根据去年发表在《柳叶刀》上的研究,该国在 2000-04 年至 2017-21 年间,与高温相关的死亡人数增加了 55%。

语言点:

saw a 55% rise:使用 "see" 表示 "经历",是新闻报道常见用法heat-related deaths:复合名词,"与高温相关的死亡"according to research published last year:插入语,引用研究来源

重点词汇:

heat-related[ˈhiːt rɪleɪtɪd]:与高温相关的记忆技巧:heat (热) + related (相关的)→与高温相关的联想:类似表达 "work-related"(与工作相关的),"environment-related"(与环境相关的)

第四段

① “It is a very clear story of increasing hazard," says social scientist Chandni Singh, a climate researcher with the Indian Institute for Human Settlements.

翻译:“这是一个危险不断增加的清晰故事," 印度人类住区研究所的气候研究员 Chandni Singh 说。

语言点:

直接引语 + 说话者:标准引语格式a climate researcher with the Indian Institute for Human Settlements:同位语,解释说话者身份increasing hazard:"不断增加的危险",hazard 为抽象名词

重点词汇:

hazard[ˈhæzəd]:危险,危害,风险记忆技巧:发音联想 "哈砸的"→危险像砸过来的东西联想:常见搭配 "natural hazard"(自然灾害),"health hazard"(健康危害)

② “The combination of climate change–driven heat and urban heat, generated by buildings and roads, means that many more cities are going to suffer from extreme heat."

翻译:“气候变化驱动的高温与建筑物和道路产生的城市热岛效应相结合,意味着更多城市将遭受极端高温的困扰。"

语言点:

climate change–driven heat:复合名词,"气候变化驱动的高温",使用连字符连接generated by buildings and roads:过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰 urban heatmeans that:"意味着...",引导宾语从句

重点词汇:

urban heat:城市热岛效应 (城市地区比周围乡村温度更高的现象)记忆技巧:urban (城市的) + heat (热)→城市热岛效应联想:相关术语 "heat island effect"(热岛效应)

第五段

① Historically, India's disaster planning efforts focused on addressing cyclones and floods.

翻译:历史上,印度的灾害规划工作主要集中在应对飓风和洪水。

语言点:

Historically:副词作状语,"历史上",表示时间背景focused on addressing:固定搭配,"集中于解决 / 应对..."cyclones and floods:并列名词,"飓风和洪水",常见自然灾害

重点词汇:

cyclones[ˈsaɪkləʊnz]:飓风,气旋,旋风记忆技巧:cycl (循环) + -one (名词后缀)→循环旋转的风→飓风联想:气象学表达 "typhoon"(台风),"hurricane"(飓风)(不同地区的同一现象)

② It wasn't until 2015 that officials designated heat waves as a natural disaster at the national level.

翻译:直到 2015 年,官员们才在国家层面上将热浪指定为自然灾害。

语言点:

It wasn't until...that:强调句型,"直到... 才...",强调时间点designated heat waves as a natural disaster:"将热浪指定为自然灾害",使用固定搭配 "designate...as..."

重点词汇:

designated[ˈdezɪɡneɪtɪd]:指定,认定,指派记忆技巧:de-(向下) + sign (标记) + -ate (动词后缀)→做下标记→指定联想:常见搭配 "designate A as B"(将 A 指定为 B),"designated area"(指定区域)

第六段

① But now, India is emerging as a laboratory for a world coping with climate change, as researchers try to better understand the risks posed by heat and find ways to prevent the worst outcomes.

翻译:但现在,印度正成为全球应对气候变化的实验室,研究人员试图更好地理解高温带来的风险,并找到防止最坏结果的方法。

语言点:

emerging as a laboratory:"正在成为一个实验室",使用现在进行时coping with climate change:现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰 worldposed by heat:过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰 risksto prevent the worst outcomes:不定式短语作目的状语

重点词汇:

laboratory[ləˈbɒrətəri]:实验室,研究室记忆技巧:labor (劳动) + -atory (场所)→进行劳动研究的场所→实验室联想:常见搭配 "research laboratory"(研究实验室),"climate laboratory"(气候实验室)

第七段

① In some cities, researchers have been working with authorities to improve emergency response plans that guide decisions on when to issue heat alerts and open cooling centers.

翻译:在一些城市,研究人员一直在与当局合作改进应急响应计划,这些计划指导何时发布高温警报以及开设降温中心的决策。

语言点:

have been working:现在完成进行时,表示 "一直在工作"that guide decisions on when to issue heat alerts and open cooling centers:定语从句,修饰 planswhen to issue heat alerts and open cooling centers:不定式短语作介词 on 的宾语

重点词汇:

emergency response plans:应急响应计划记忆技巧:emergency (紧急情况) + response (响应) + plans (计划)→应急响应计划联想:相关表达 "disaster response plan"(灾害响应计划),"emergency measures"(紧急措施)

② Some are also experimenting with inexpensive ways to retrofit dwellings to make them cooler.

翻译:一些人还在试验廉价的方法来改造住宅,使其更凉爽。

语言点:

experimenting with:"试验,尝试",后接方法 / 方式inexpensive ways to retrofit dwellings:"廉价的改造住宅的方法"to make them cooler:不定式短语作目的状语

重点词汇:

retrofit[ˈretrəfɪt]:改造,翻新,更新 (尤指对旧建筑或设备)记忆技巧:retro-(向后) + fit (安装)→向后安装→改造 (原有结构)联想:常见搭配 "retrofit buildings"(改造建筑),"retrofit homes"(改造住宅)

第八段

① It's urgent to turn such research into action, says Rajashree Kotharkar, an architect and urban planner at the Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology who leads one of the country's longest running heat studies.

翻译:将此类研究转化为行动迫在眉睫,Visvesvaraya 国家技术研究所的建筑师和城市规划师 Rajashree Kotharkar 说,她领导着该国持续时间最长的高温研究之一。

语言点:

It's urgent to do:固定句型,"做... 是紧急的"turn research into action:固定搭配,"将研究转化为行动"who leads one of the country's longest running heat studies:定语从句,修饰 Rajashree Kotharkar

重点词汇:

urgent[ˈɜːdʒənt]:紧急的,迫切的记忆技巧:发音联想 "饿真的"→饥饿是迫切的需求联想:常见搭配 "urgent need"(迫切需求),"urgent situation"(紧急情况)

② Science must “evolve, keep pace," Kotharkar says. "We aren't mathematicians doing something abstract that will find application hundred years down the line."

翻译:科学必须 "进化,跟上步伐,"Kotharkar 说。"我们不是数学家,做一些抽象的事情,要等一百年后才能应用。"

语言点:

keep pace:固定搭配,"跟上步伐",后接 with 可表示 "跟上... 的步伐"doing something abstract:现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰 mathematiciansthat will find application hundred years down the line:定语从句,修饰 something abstract

重点词汇:

abstract[ˈæbstrækt]:抽象的,理论上的,难以理解的记忆技巧:abs-(离开) + tract (拉)→拉开距离→抽象的联想:反义词 "concrete"(具体的),对比记忆更高效

第九段

① These heat action plans, or HAPs, have been proliferating in India in the past few years.

翻译:这些高温应对计划 (Heat Action Plans,简称 HAPs) 在过去几年中在印度迅速普及。

语言点:

These heat action plans, or HAPs:同位语,解释 HAPs 的全称have been proliferating:现在完成进行时,表示 "一直在扩散 / 普及"in the past few years:时间状语,表示 "在过去几年中"

重点词汇:

proliferating[prəˈlɪfəreɪtɪŋ]:激增,扩散,繁殖记忆技巧:pro-(向前) + lifer (生命) + -ating→生命向前发展→繁殖→引申为 "激增"联想:同义词 "spreading"(传播),"expanding"(扩展)

② In general, an HAP spells out when and how officials should issue heat warnings and alert hospitals and other institutions.

翻译:一般来说,高温应对计划详细说明了官员何时以及如何发布高温警告,并提醒医院和其他机构。

语言点:

In general:固定搭配,"一般来说",用于概述spells out:固定搭配,"详细说明,清楚地解释"when and how officials should issue heat warnings:宾语从句,作 spells out 的宾语alert hospitals and other institutions:"提醒医院和其他机构",alert 为动词

重点词汇:

spells out:详细说明,清楚地解释记忆技巧:spell (拼写) + out (出来)→像拼写一样逐个字母写出→详细说明联想:常见搭配 "spell out the details"(详细说明细节),"spell out the procedure"(详细说明程序)

第十段

① The first HAP was introduced in 2013 in the arid western Indian city of Ahmedabad, with the help of local scientific institutions as well as the nonprofit Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC).

翻译:第一个高温应对计划于 2013 年在印度西部干旱城市艾哈迈达巴德推出,得到了当地科学机构以及非营利组织自然资源保护委员会 (NRDC) 的帮助。

语言点:

was introduced:被动语态,表示 "被推出 / 引入"in the arid western Indian city of Ahmedabad:地点状语with the help of:固定搭配,"在... 的帮助下"as well as:"也,以及",连接两个并列成分

重点词汇:

arid[ˈærɪd]:干旱的,干燥的记忆技巧:发音联想 "阿里的"→干旱地区如沙漠联想:反义词 "humid"(潮湿的),"moist"(湿润的)

② That plan's success—a study published in 2018 estimated it had saved at least 1190 lives—spurred the creation of more.

翻译:该计划的成功 —2018 年发表的一项研究估计它至少挽救了 1190 条生命 — 促使了更多计划的创建。

语言点:

That plan's success:"那个计划的成功",使用所有格a study published in 2018 estimated:"2018 年发表的一项研究估计"it had saved at least 1190 lives:宾语从句,作 estimated 的宾语spurred the creation of more:"促使了更多 (计划) 的创建"

重点词汇:

spurred[spɜːd]:刺激,促使,激励记忆技巧:联想 "spur"(马刺)→用马刺刺激马前进→促使,激励联想:常见搭配 "spur economic growth"(刺激经济增长),"spur innovation"(促进创新)

第十一段

① But implementation of existing HAPs has been uneven, according to a March report from the Centre for Policy Research (CPR), a prominent Indian think tank.

翻译:但根据印度著名智库政策研究中心 (CPR) 3 月份的一份报告,现有高温应对计划的实施情况参差不齐。

语言点:

But:表示转折关系,与前文的成功形成对比implementation of existing HAPs:"现有高温应对计划的实施"has been uneven:"一直不平衡 / 参差不齐",使用现在完成时according to a March report:"根据 3 月份的一份报告"

重点词汇:

uneven[ʌnˈiːvən]:不均匀的,不平衡的,参差不齐的记忆技巧:un-(不) + even (均匀的)→不均匀的联想:反义词 "even"(均匀的),"consistent"(一致的)

② It reviewed 37 plans adopted by cities, states, or administrative districts.

翻译:该报告审查了 37 个由城市、州或行政区采用的计划。

语言点:

It:指代前文的 reportreviewed 37 plans:"审查了 37 个计划"adopted by cities, states, or administrative districts:过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰 plans

重点词汇:

administrative districts:行政区记忆技巧:administrative (行政的) + districts (区域)→行政区联想:相关表达 "urban district"(市区),"rural district"(农村地区)

第十二段

① Many lack adequate funding, it found.

翻译:研究发现,许多计划缺乏足够的资金。

语言点:

Many lack adequate funding:"许多 (计划) 缺乏足够的资金"it found:插入语,表示 "研究发现"

重点词汇:

adequate[ˈædɪkwət]:足够的,适当的,充分的记忆技巧:ad-(加强) + equ (相等) + -ate (形容词后缀)→达到相等的量→足够的联想:同义词 "sufficient"(足够的),"enough"(足够的)

② And their triggering thresholds often are not customized to the local climate, says Dileep Mavalankar, director of the Indian Institute of Public Health, who has been closely involved in Ahmedabad's HAP.

翻译:印度公共卫生研究所所长 Dileep Mavalankar 说,而且它们的触发阈值通常没有针对当地气候进行定制,他一直密切参与艾哈迈达巴德的高温应对计划。

语言点:

their triggering thresholds:"它们的触发阈值",指高温警报的启动温度are not customized to the local climate:"没有针对当地气候进行定制"who has been closely involved in Ahmedabad's HAP:定语从句,修饰 Dileep Mavalankar

重点词汇:

triggering thresholds:触发阈值,启动门槛记忆技巧:triggering (触发) + thresholds (门槛)→触发阈值联想:相关表达 "alert threshold"(警报阈值),"safety threshold"(安全阈值)

第十三段

① In some areas, high daytime temperatures alone might serve as an adequate trigger for alerts.

翻译:在一些地区,仅白天高温就可能足以触发警报。

语言点:

In some areas:地点状语high daytime temperatures alone:"仅白天高温",alone 作后置定语might serve as an adequate trigger for alerts:"可能足以触发警报",serve as 表示 "充当,作为"

重点词汇:

trigger for alerts:警报触发因素记忆技巧:trigger (触发) + for alerts (警报)→警报触发因素联想:相关表达 "alarm trigger"(警报触发器),"safety trigger"(安全触发器)

② Ahmedabad, for example, set its threshold for initial alerts at 41°C based on data showing that heat-related deaths began to climb at that point.

翻译:例如,艾哈迈达巴德根据数据显示与高温相关的死亡在该温度开始攀升,将其初始警报阈值设定为 41°C。

语言点:

for example:举例说明set its threshold for initial alerts at 41°C:"将其初始警报阈值设定为 41°C"based on data showing that:"基于显示... 的数据",现在分词短语作后置定语

重点词汇:

initial alerts:初始警报,初步警报记忆技巧:initial (最初的) + alerts (警报)→初始警报联想:相关表达 "first alert"(一级警报),"emergency alert"(紧急警报)

第十四段

① But in other places, nighttime temperatures or humidity might be as important a gauge of risk as daytime highs.

翻译:但在其他地方,夜间温度或湿度可能与白天高温一样是衡量风险的重要指标。

语言点:

But:表示转折关系might be as important a gauge of risk as daytime highs:使用比较结构 "as + adj. + a/an + 名词 + as"gauge of risk:"风险衡量标准 / 指标"

重点词汇:

gauge[ɡeɪdʒ]:测量标准,尺度,指标记忆技巧:发音联想 "给治"→测量后才能给予治疗联想:常见搭配 "risk gauge"(风险指标),"temperature gauge"(温度测量)

第十五段

① Mumbai's April heat stroke deaths highlighted the need for more nuanced and localized warnings, researchers say.

翻译:研究人员说,孟买 4 月份的中暑死亡事件凸显了对更细致入微和本地化警告的需求。

语言点:

Mumbai's April heat stroke deaths:"孟买 4 月份的中暑死亡事件"highlighted the need for:固定搭配,"凸显了对... 的需求"more nuanced and localized warnings:"更细致入微和本地化的警告",使用比较级

重点词汇:

nuanced[ˈnjuːɑːnst]:细致入微的,有细微差别的,微妙的记忆技巧:nuance (细微差别) + -ed (形容词后缀)→有细微差别的联想:同义词 "subtle"(微妙的),"detailed"(详细的)

② That day's high temperature of roughly 36°C was 1°C shy of the heat wave alert threshold for coastal cities set by national meteorological authorities.

翻译:那天约 36°C 的高温比国家气象部门为沿海城市设定的热浪警报阈值低 1°C。

语言点:

That day's high temperature of roughly 36°C:"那天约 36°C 的高温"was 1°C shy of:固定搭配,"比... 低 1°C",shy 在这里表示 "不足,缺乏"the heat wave alert threshold for coastal cities:"沿海城市的热浪警报阈值"set by national meteorological authorities:过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰 threshold

重点词汇:

shy of:不足,缺乏,不到记忆技巧:联想 "shy"(害羞的)→像害羞一样躲在后面→不足,不到联想:常见搭配 "be shy of something"(缺乏某物),"shy of the target"(未达到目标)

第十六段

① But the effects of the heat were amplified by humidity—an often neglected factor in heat alert systems—and the lack of shade at the late-morning outdoor ceremony.

翻译:但高温的影响被湿度 (这是高温警报系统中经常被忽视的因素) 和上午晚些时候户外仪式上缺乏遮阳放大了。

语言点:

were amplified by:被动语态,表示 "被... 放大 / 增强"an often neglected factor in heat alert systems:同位语,解释 humiditythe lack of shade:"缺乏遮阳"at the late-morning outdoor ceremony:地点状语

重点词汇:

amplified[ˈæmplɪfaɪd]:放大,增强,扩大记忆技巧:ample (充足的) + -ify (使... 化) + -ed (过去式)→使变得充足→放大联想:同义词 "enhanced"(增强),"increased"(增加)

② Ironically, the state of Maharashtra, which includes Mumbai, had adopted its own HAP just 2 months before the tragedy.

翻译:具有讽刺意味的是,包括孟买在内的马哈拉施特拉邦在悲剧发生前仅 2 个月就采用了自己的高温应对计划。

语言点:

Ironically:副词作状语,表示 "具有讽刺意味的是"which includes Mumbai:非限制性定语从句,补充说明 Maharashtrahad adopted its own HAP:过去完成时,表示 "在悲剧发生前已经采用"just 2 months before the tragedy:时间状语,表示 "悲剧发生前仅 2 个月"

重点词汇:

ironically[aɪˈrɒnɪkli]:具有讽刺意味地,讽刺地记忆技巧:irony (讽刺) + -ically (副词后缀)→具有讽刺意味地联想:常见搭配 "ironically enough"(足够讽刺的是),"ironic situation"(讽刺的情况)

第十七段

① To help improve HAPs, Kotharkar's team is working on a model plan that outlines best practices and could be adapted to local conditions.

翻译:为了帮助改进高温应对计划,Kotharkar 的团队正在制定一个模型计划,该计划概述了最佳实践并可以适应当地条件。

语言点:

To help improve HAPs:不定式短语作目的状语is working on a model plan:"正在制定一个模型计划"that outlines best practices and could be adapted to local conditions:定语从句,修饰 planbe adapted to local conditions:"适应当地条件"

重点词汇:

model plan:模型计划,样板计划记忆技巧:model (模型) + plan (计划)→模型计划联想:相关表达 "standard plan"(标准计划),"best practice"(最佳实践)

② Among other things, she says, all cities should create a vulnerability map to help focus responses on the populations most at risk.

翻译:她说,除其他外,所有城市都应该创建一个脆弱性地图,以帮助将应对措施集中在风险最高的人群身上。

语言点:

Among other things:固定搭配,"除其他外",用于列举she says:插入语create a vulnerability map:"创建一个脆弱性地图"to help focus responses on the populations most at risk:不定式短语作目的状语most at risk:"风险最高的",形容词短语作后置定语

重点词汇:

vulnerability map:脆弱性地图 (显示哪些地区或人群更容易受到伤害)记忆技巧:vulnerability (脆弱性) + map (地图)→脆弱性地图联想:相关表达 "risk map"(风险地图),"disaster vulnerability"(灾害脆弱性)

第十八段

① HAPs shouldn't just include short-term emergency responses, researchers say, but also recommend medium- to long-term measures that could make communities cooler.

翻译:研究人员说,高温应对计划不应只包括短期应急响应,还应推荐可以使社区更凉爽的中长期措施。

语言点:

shouldn't just include...but also recommend:"不应只包括... 还应推荐",使用并列结构medium- to long-term measures:"中长期措施"that could make communities cooler:定语从句,修饰 measures

重点词汇:

medium- to long-term:中长期的记忆技巧:medium (中等的) + to + long-term (长期的)→中长期的联想:相关表达 "short-term measure"(短期措施),"long-term plan"(长期计划)

② In Nagpur, for example, Kotharkar's team has been able to advise city officials about where to plant trees to provide shade.

翻译:例如,在那格浦尔,Kotharkar 的团队已经能够就何处植树提供遮阳向城市官员提供建议。

语言点:

for example:举例说明has been able to advise:"已经能够提供建议",使用现在完成时about where to plant trees:"关于何处植树",疑问词 + 不定式结构to provide shade:不定式短语作目的状语

重点词汇:

provide shade:提供遮阳记忆技巧:provide (提供) + shade (阴凉处)→提供遮阳联想:相关表达 "shade tree"(遮阳树),"provide shelter"(提供庇护)

第十九段

① “Reducing deaths [in an emergency] is good target to have, but it's the lowest [target]," Singh says.

翻译:“在紧急情况下减少死亡是一个很好的目标,但这是最低的目标,"Singh 说。

语言点:

Reducing deaths in an emergency:动名词短语作主语is good target to have:"是一个很好的目标"but it's the lowest target:使用比较级,表示 "最低的目标"

重点词汇:

target[ˈtɑːɡɪt]:目标,指标,靶子记忆技巧:联想 "靶心"→目标像靶子一样联想:常见搭配 "target audience"(目标受众),"target goal"(目标)

第二十段

① This story, part of a special issue of Science, was supported by the Pulitzer Center and the Vapnek Family Foundation.

翻译:这篇报道是《科学》杂志特刊的一部分,由普利策中心和 Vapnek 家族基金会支持。

语言点:

part of a special issue of Science:同位语,解释 story 的背景was supported by:被动语态,表示 "由... 支持"

重点词汇:

special issue:特刊,专刊记忆技巧:special (特殊的) + issue (一期)→特刊联想:相关表达 "special edition"(特别版),"theme issue"(主题特刊)



段落逻辑与主旨归纳

段落逻辑

第一段:描述孟买非正式定居点 Lal Matti 的酷热环境,引入主题

第二段:讲述孟买高温致死案例,凸显问题严重性

第三段:印度高温死亡数据与趋势,强调风险加剧

第四段:专家分析高温成因(气候变化 + 城市热岛效应)

第五段:印度灾害应对历史转变(从飓风洪水到高温)

第六段:印度成为全球高温应对实验室

第七段:研究人员改进高温应对措施的努力

第八段:专家呼吁研究转化为行动

第九段:高温应对计划 (HAPs) 的定义与作用

第十段:首个 HAP 的成功案例(艾哈迈达巴德)

第十一段:HAPs 实施不均衡的问题

第十二段:HAPs 存在的主要问题(资金不足、阈值不合理)

第十三段:不同地区高温警报触发因素差异

第十四段:湿度等因素在高温风险评估中的重要性

第十五段:孟买悲剧案例凸显本地化预警需求

第十六段:悲剧原因分析(温度 + 湿度 + 缺乏遮阳)

第十七段:改进 HAPs 的建议(创建脆弱性地图)

第十八段:HAPs 应包含中长期措施(如植树)

第十九段:专家观点:减少死亡是最低目标,应追求更高标准

第二十段:文章背景信息

全文主旨

核心论点:印度的高温应对计划 (HAPs) 是全球城市应对气候变化的重要试验,虽然已取得初步成效,但实施不均衡,需改进以适应本地气候特点并关注脆弱群体,同时应从短期应急扩展到中长期城市规划,创造更具热韧性的城市环境。

深层含义:文章揭示了气候变化背景下,城市如何平衡短期应急与长期适应,以及如何确保最脆弱群体获得充分保护,体现了 "冷却不是奢侈,而是正义" 的人文关怀。

长难句分析

1. 复杂定语从句

原句:The hot, muggy afternoons are particularly oppressive, says Tamrunissa, a young woman who lives with her extended family in a large room above a shop, accessed by a ladder.

结构分解:

主句:The hot, muggy afternoons are particularly oppressive插入语:says Tamrunissa同位语:a young woman定语从句:who lives with her extended family in a large room above a shop (修饰 woman)过去分词短语:accessed by a ladder (修饰 room)

翻译:炎热潮湿的下午特别闷热,Tamrunissa 说,她是一位与大家庭住在商店楼上一个大房间里的年轻女性,需要通过梯子才能上去。

2. 比较结构与插入语

原句:That day's high temperature of roughly 36°C was 1°C shy of the heat wave alert threshold for coastal cities set by national meteorological authorities.

结构分解:

主语:That day's high temperature of roughly 36°C谓语:was表语:1°C shy of the heat wave alert threshold for coastal cities过去分词短语:set by national meteorological authorities (修饰 threshold)

翻译:那天约 36°C 的高温比国家气象部门为沿海城市设定的热浪警报阈值低 1°C。

3. 并列复合句

原句:HAPs shouldn't just include short-term emergency responses, researchers say, but also recommend medium- to long-term measures that could make communities cooler.

结构分解:

主句:HAPs shouldn't just include short-term emergency responses插入语:researchers say并列分句:but also recommend medium- to long-term measures定语从句:that could make communities cooler (修饰 measures)

翻译:研究人员说,高温应对计划不应只包括短期应急响应,还应推荐可以使社区更凉爽的中长期措施。

题目分析 (供参考)

31. According to the first paragraph, life in Lal Matti during summer is _______.答案:A. extremely uncomfortable解析:第一段描述 Lal Matti 夏季温度高达 37°C,湿度 95%,居民即使开三个风扇仍难以忍受,直接对应 "extremely uncomfortable"(极度不适)。

32. The heat stroke deaths in Mumbai in April show that _______.答案:B. heat alert systems need to consider more factors than just temperature解析:第十五段指出孟买悲剧发生时温度虽未达警报阈值,但湿度和缺乏遮阳放大了高温影响,说明警报系统需综合考虑多种因素,而非仅看温度。

33. According to the passage, one problem with existing HAPs is that _______.答案:C. many are not customized to local climate conditions解析:第十二段明确指出 HAPs 的触发阈值 "often are not customized to the local climate",这是主要问题之一。

34. Kotharkar's team recommends that cities should _______.答案:D. create vulnerability maps to identify high-risk populations解析:第十七段提到 Kotharkar 建议 "all cities should create a vulnerability map to help focus responses on the populations most at risk",与选项 D 完全吻合。

35. The author's attitude toward India's HAPs seems to be _______.答案:C. critical yet hopeful解析:文章既批评 HAPs 实施不均衡、设计不合理等问题,又肯定其积极意义和改进潜力,尤其在最后强调 "冷却不是奢侈,而是正义",体现批判性与希望并存的态度。

总结与复*建议

词汇复*重点:气候与环境词汇:monsoon, sweltering, muggy, heat wave, urban heat灾害管理词汇:emergency response plans, retrofit, vulnerability map, trigger threshold温度描述词汇:arid, nuanced, amplified, shy of, sweltering语法复*重点:复合形容词构成(如 tin-roofed, heat-related)非谓语动词作定语和状语(现在分词 / 过去分词短语)比较结构(as...as, 比较级 + than)插入语和同位语的识别与理解阅读技巧提升:关注文章中的数据与案例(如孟买悲剧、艾哈迈达巴德成功案例),理解其论证作用识别专家观点(Chandni Singh, Dileep Mavalankar 等),把握作者引用意图注意段落间的逻辑连接(如 but, however, therefore 等),理解文章层次考研实战建议:先浏览题干,带着问题阅读,提高针对性遇到专业术语(如 HAPs)时,通过上下文推测含义注意选项中的同义替换(如 "customized to local conditions" 替换 "tailored to local climate")把握文章主旨时,重点关注首尾段和专家观点部分

版权声明:本文转载于今日头条,版权归作者所有,如果侵权,请联系本站编辑删除

为您推荐

2026考研英语一真题出现的单词你会几个呀?烦死了

40个具有难度或超纲倾向的核心词汇,涵盖人工智能、生物学、传媒、生态学、文学与科学教育等多个主题。1. Algorithm音标:/ˈælɡərɪðəm/意思:算法;计算程序例句:AI algorith

2026-01-28 10:30

考研英语词汇

考研英语高频词(180)1. innocent /ˈɪnəsnt/ adj. 无辜的;天真的;无罪的;n. 无辜者;天真的人2. deserve /dɪˈzɜːv/ v. 应得;值得3. upcoming /ˈʌpkʌmɪŋ/ adj. 即将到

2026-01-28 10:30

真题80%源自这些!26考研英语阅读材料清单,附精读秘籍

考研英语阅读想拿高分?选对材料能少走三年弯路,这可不是空话! 教育部数据显示,2024年考研英语平均分仅49.6分,阅读模块得分率不足50%,很多考生栽就栽在“材料选不对,努力全白费”。

2026-01-28 10:29

矿物原料再利用:笼式粉碎机在磷矿粉加工中的应用方案

在磷矿资源综合利用与磷化工产业升级的背景下,磷矿粉加工作为磷复合肥、磷酸生产的核心环节,对成品粒度均匀性、纯度及加工效率的要求日益提升。大量磷矿开采产生的尾矿、贫矿

2026-01-28 10:29

23年中国矿业大学(北京)矿物加工工程参考书报录比、初复试经验

本人现中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院研一,矿物加工工程专业在读。本科是一所双非院校的矿物加工工程专业(以下简称矿加),由于矿加专业学生在本科毕业找到相关的工作的工

2026-01-28 10:28

美澳签署85亿美元关键矿物协议,但离开中国有能力加工吗?

10月20日,澳大利亚总理安东尼·阿尔巴尼斯和美国总统特朗普在白宫签署85亿美元稀土和关键矿产协议。这次的协议是一种框架性质的协议。什么叫框架性质?简单来说就是,这是一个关

2026-01-28 10:28